【摘要】：撒拉族鄉(xiāng)村聚落做為撒拉族民族文化發(fā)展的物質(zhì)載體,其鄉(xiāng)村聚落空間形態(tài)反映了該民族的宗教空間觀、族民活動(dòng)秩序以及撒拉族社會層級秩序,體現(xiàn)出該民族長期在民族文化影響下以宗教空間為核心的居住形態(tài)特征。近年來,在新型城鎮(zhèn)化建設(shè)過程中,隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)快速發(fā)展、人民生活水平提高,撒拉族傳統(tǒng)聚落空間無法承載現(xiàn)代生活模式,鄉(xiāng)村聚落形態(tài)正在發(fā)生變化,居住社會秩序逐漸消失,撒拉族鄉(xiāng)村聚落如何健康發(fā)展亟待解決。探索該地區(qū)民族文化與聚落空間形態(tài)內(nèi)在秩序聯(lián)系對于該地區(qū)鄉(xiāng)村聚落保護(hù)與發(fā)展具有重要的研究意義。本論文通過總結(jié)鄉(xiāng)村聚落研究與撒拉族研究的理論成果,綜合運(yùn)用建筑學(xué)、民族學(xué)、經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)和社會學(xué)等學(xué)科的相關(guān)知識,選取全國唯一的撒拉族自治縣即撒拉族聚居地循化縣的鄉(xiāng)村聚落做為主要研究對象,剖析青海撒拉族鄉(xiāng)村聚落空間形態(tài)與民族文化的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系,積極探索空間形態(tài)保護(hù)與發(fā)展的可行性策略,為建設(shè)具有民族特色的撒拉族聚落空間規(guī)劃提供理論依據(jù)。同時(shí)通過運(yùn)用文獻(xiàn)查閱法、田野調(diào)查法、深度訪談法、歸納演繹法等方法完善本論文的研究。本論文以青海循化縣撒拉族鄉(xiāng)村聚落為研究對象,以民族文化視角為切入點(diǎn),首先,通過對撒拉族民族以及村落的起源與發(fā)展的敘述,分析出撒拉族鄉(xiāng)村聚落中民族文化的形態(tài)特征。其次,對撒拉族鄉(xiāng)村聚落空間聚落空間格局成因、空間演變規(guī)律、空間構(gòu)成要素進(jìn)行分析,總結(jié)其空間形態(tài)特征,構(gòu)成了研究的基礎(chǔ)。然后,明確民族文化對聚落空間影響主要體現(xiàn)在空間層級以及宗教、祭祀、街巷空間和院落空間等方面,將撒拉族鄉(xiāng)村聚落空間形態(tài)分為四類:棋盤形、扇形、網(wǎng)格形和復(fù)合型,探析四種類型聚落在民族文化影響下的空間形態(tài)特征。進(jìn)而,多學(xué)科交融深入剖析民族文化與聚落空間形態(tài)特征發(fā)展的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系,比較其與其他少數(shù)民族聚落空間形態(tài)的差異性。最后,結(jié)合撒拉族民族文化傳承,積極探索以傳承民族文化為目的的撒拉族鄉(xiāng)村聚落的保護(hù)與發(fā)展模式。以期為撒拉族鄉(xiāng)村聚落的保護(hù)與發(fā)展提供可資借鑒的理論思路。通過對上述研究得出本文結(jié)論如下:一、撒拉族聚落空間形態(tài)特征具有以下特點(diǎn):1)宗教中心,圍寺而居;2)墓地潔凈,與教相近;3)聚族而居,上下相接;5)圓形結(jié)構(gòu),層級分明。二、圍寺而居的圓形空間結(jié)構(gòu)民族文化影響鄉(xiāng)村聚落結(jié)構(gòu)空間形態(tài)的最終體現(xiàn),由宗教中心與撒拉族獨(dú)特的地緣組織“阿格乃—孔木散”所形成,具有強(qiáng)有力的社會控制力,具有傳承的價(jià)值。三、聚落空間形態(tài)保護(hù)與發(fā)展的途徑有:1)更新擴(kuò)大傳統(tǒng)村落宗教儀式空間;2)存舊續(xù)新日常場所空間;3)修繕利用建筑象征空間;4)緊抓民族文化內(nèi)涵,形成文化產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈,從而進(jìn)行產(chǎn)業(yè)更新,實(shí)現(xiàn)基于民族文化傳承的發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:As the material carrier of the development of the Sala nationality culture, the rural settlement of the Sala nationality reflects the religious space view, the order of the ethnic activities and the social order of the Sala nationality, and the spatial form of the village settlement reflects the religious space view of the nationality, the order of the ethnic activities and the social order of the Sala nationality. It reflects the residential characteristics of this nation with religious space as its core under the influence of national culture for a long time. In recent years, in the process of new urbanization construction, with the rapid development of economy and the improvement of people's living standard, the traditional settlement space of Sala can not bear the modern life mode, and the form of rural settlement is changing. With the gradual disappearance of the social order, the healthy development of the Salar rural settlements needs to be solved. It is of great significance for the protection and development of rural settlements to explore the internal order relationship between ethnic culture and settlement spatial form in this area. This paper summarizes the theoretical results of rural settlement research and Salar nationality research, and synthetically applies the relevant knowledge of architecture, ethnology, economics and sociology, etc. Taking the village settlement of Xunhua County, the only Sala autonomous county in China, as the main research object, this paper analyzes the internal relationship between the spatial form of the Sala village settlement and the national culture in Qinghai Province. To explore the feasible strategy of space form protection and development, to provide the theoretical basis for the construction of Salar settlement space planning with national characteristics. At the same time, the research of this paper is improved by the methods of literature reference, field investigation, depth interview and inductive deduction. This paper takes the Sala village settlement in Xunhua County, Qinghai Province as the research object, takes the national culture angle as the breakthrough point, first, through narrates the origin and the development of the Sala nationality and the village, This paper analyzes the morphological characteristics of the national culture in the village settlements of the Salas. Secondly, this paper analyzes the causes of the spatial pattern, the law of spatial evolution and the elements of spatial composition of the Salar rural settlements, and summarizes its spatial morphological characteristics, which constitute the basis of the research. Then, it is clear that the influence of national culture on the settlement space is mainly reflected in the spatial level, religion, sacrifice, street and alley space and courtyard space, and the space forms of Salar rural settlements are divided into four categories: chessboard shape, sector shape, etc. This paper explores the spatial characteristics of four types of settlements under the influence of national culture. Furthermore, the internal relationship between ethnic culture and the development of settlement spatial form is deeply analyzed, and the difference between ethnic culture and other minority settlement spatial forms is compared. Finally, this paper explores the protection and development mode of the Sala village settlement with the aim of inheriting the national culture. In order to provide a reference for the protection and development of the Salar rural settlements. The conclusions of this paper are as follows: (1) the spatial morphological characteristics of Salar settlements have the following characteristics: 1) religious center, 2) clean graveyard, 3) close to religion, 5) circular structure and clear hierarchy. Second, the circular spatial structure of the temple influenced the final embodiment of the spatial form of the rural settlement structure, which was formed by the religious center and the unique geographical organization of the Salas, "Agne-Kongmu dispersal", with strong social control. Have the value of inheritance. Third, the ways to protect and develop settlement space are: 1) renewing and expanding the religious ceremony space of traditional villages and 3) renovating and utilizing the symbol space of buildings. 4) grasping the connotation of national culture and forming a cultural industry chain. In order to carry on the industry renewal, realizes the development based on the national culture inheritance.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安建筑科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TU982.29

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本文編號：2122928