本文選題：地下建筑 + 火災(zāi)　； 參考：《安徽理工大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著城市化進程的不斷發(fā)展,城市地面交通變得越來越擁堵,因此各種地下建筑應(yīng)運而生。而地下商業(yè)街經(jīng)營種類繁多、易燃商品多、建筑布局和結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜、安全出口標(biāo)識不易發(fā)現(xiàn)、煙氣濃度大、溫度高、能見度低、撲救和救援工作難以開展,因而具有更大的危險性。并且商業(yè)街大多處于城市最繁華的地段,人流量巨大且集中,一旦發(fā)生火災(zāi),后果往往是群死群傷、損失慘重。因此,研究地下商業(yè)街的火災(zāi)和人員疏散是非常有必要的。本文首先分析了淮南市龍湖路地下商業(yè)街可能存在的安全隱患和起火原因,總結(jié)出地下商業(yè)街的火災(zāi)特點;通過實地考察,等比例畫出店鋪分布示意圖,并確定六個測點;通過分析和整理,得出火災(zāi)達到危險狀態(tài)的判定依據(jù);對龍湖路地下商業(yè)街進行實地考察統(tǒng)計,得到各個測點不同時間段的人流量和總?cè)藬?shù);建立商業(yè)街的火災(zāi)模型和疏散模擬模型;對模擬結(jié)果進行合并、統(tǒng)計、整理和分析,對人員疏散提出建議。研究結(jié)果表明:第一,無噴淋時,煙氣層高度、煙氣溫度、CO濃度到達臨界危險值的時間分別為200s、120s、150s(ASET取120s),開啟噴淋裝置之后這個時間為200s、+∞、270s(ASET取200s)。人員疏散模擬得到的RSET為200s。因此,安裝噴淋裝置可以滿足人員的安全疏散需求。第二,本文的模擬結(jié)果顯示,尤其是火災(zāi)發(fā)展的初期階段,人員疏散速度要遠大于煙氣蔓延的速度。因此,人員逃生時應(yīng)該背朝火源的方向,選擇在離火源較遠的出口處逃生,可以大大提高逃生成功的概率。第三,自動噴淋系統(tǒng)在火災(zāi)發(fā)生時是非常重要的,不但能夠顯著降低現(xiàn)場溫度,還能夠保證距離火源較遠位置的人員疏散安全,給人員的安全逃生和消防人員的撲救和救援工作爭取寶貴的時間。本文研究的內(nèi)容和結(jié)果可以推廣到其他類似的地下建筑中去,可以為地下建筑的火災(zāi)危險性評估和人員安全疏散提供參考性依據(jù),具有一定的實際意義和參考價值。
[Abstract]:With the development of urbanization, urban surface traffic becomes more and more congested, so various underground buildings emerge as the times require. On the other hand, underground commercial streets have a wide variety of business types, many flammable commodities, complex building layout and structure, difficult to find safety exit signs, high smoke concentration, high temperature, low visibility, and difficult to carry out rescue and rescue work. Therefore, it is more dangerous. And most of the commercial streets are located in the most prosperous part of the city, the flow of people is huge and concentrated, once a fire occurs, the consequences are often mass death and injury, and the losses are heavy. Therefore, it is necessary to study the fire and evacuation of underground commercial street. This paper first analyzes the potential safety hidden danger and fire cause of underground commercial street of Longhu Road in Huainan City, summarizes the fire characteristics of underground commercial street, draws the shop distribution map in equal proportion through field investigation, and determines six measuring points. Through the analysis and arrangement, the judgment basis of the dangerous state of fire is obtained, and the field investigation and statistics of underground commercial street of Longhu Road are carried out, and the flow of people and the total number of people in different time periods of each measuring point are obtained. The fire model and evacuation simulation model of commercial street are established, and the results of simulation are combined, counted, sorted and analyzed, and some suggestions for evacuation are put forward. The results show that: first, when there is no spray, the time of the height of flue gas layer and the concentration of CO at flue gas temperature and temperature reach the critical danger value are 200sm ~ 120s ~ 150s (ASET = 120s), and the time is 200s, 鈭，

本文編號：2051987