本文選題：采空區(qū) + 地表沉陷��； 參考：《中國地質(zhì)大學(xué)》2017年博士論文

【摘要】：采空區(qū)地表沉陷問題是巖土工程中的一個熱點問題,它牽涉到交通工程、市政工程、礦業(yè)工程、建筑工程、土地資源整治等諸多領(lǐng)域。近年來,隨著我國“一帶一路”政策的不斷深化實施,高鐵、高速公路、城市建設(shè)以及土地整治等工程建設(shè)規(guī)模不斷擴(kuò)大,資金投入也不斷增加。采空區(qū)地表沉陷問題是這些工程建設(shè)中不容忽視的一大障礙。河南省焦作市曾經(jīng)是一個煤炭之都,幾十年來的地下開采導(dǎo)致該地區(qū)煤礦采空區(qū)眾多,常規(guī)治理工程費用極大,長期困擾著城市建設(shè)與經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展。針對該地區(qū)的地層地質(zhì)特點,提出合理、可行、經(jīng)濟(jì)、易施的采空區(qū)治理方法是有效解決這一礦山地質(zhì)環(huán)境問題的重要研究課題。本文以焦作市演馬莊礦亮馬村采空區(qū)為研究對象,結(jié)合該采空區(qū)地表厚松散層的地層地質(zhì)特點,提出了拱形結(jié)構(gòu)注漿控制地表沉陷的新型注漿方法。通過野外調(diào)查和資料搜集分析研究區(qū)地表破壞的特征,基于關(guān)鍵層理論研究亮馬村采空區(qū)地表沉陷機(jī)理。利用數(shù)學(xué)力學(xué)分析法研究拱形結(jié)構(gòu)注漿的基本力學(xué)原理,提出拱形結(jié)構(gòu)內(nèi)力、變形計算及拱腳截面設(shè)計方法。基于正交試驗方法設(shè)計拱形結(jié)構(gòu)和注漿材料參數(shù),用數(shù)值模擬試驗優(yōu)化參數(shù)組合�；诰鶆蛟O(shè)計試驗研究新型注漿材料配合比設(shè)計。最終得出研究區(qū)地表沉陷的拱形結(jié)構(gòu)注漿方案和土地整理措施。論文的主要研究內(nèi)容和成果如下:1.通過資料搜集和野外調(diào)查闡明了焦作市演馬莊礦亮馬村采空區(qū)的地質(zhì)背景條件和采空區(qū)地表變形特征及影響因素。研究區(qū)內(nèi)的6個塌陷盆地的最大下沉值、最大傾斜值和最大水平變形值都較大,最大下沉系數(shù)q2=1.38,最小下沉系數(shù)q1=0.92,該采空區(qū)下沉系數(shù)較大,接近1甚至大于1。地表沉陷影響因素主要受采礦因素和地質(zhì)條件影響;研究區(qū)地表為厚松散層,塌陷盆地多為平緩型。2.基于關(guān)鍵層理論對該采空區(qū)進(jìn)行了關(guān)鍵層判斷,找出了一個主關(guān)鍵層和兩個亞關(guān)鍵層;并基于關(guān)鍵層理論的地表移動計算公式對所調(diào)查的6個塌陷盆地進(jìn)行擬合,擬合出的塌陷盆地形態(tài)與現(xiàn)場調(diào)查的塌陷坑地表情況較為符合,呈現(xiàn)出塌陷影響范圍廣、地表較為平緩的特征。3.利用離散元軟件對松散層厚度影響地表移動的影響進(jìn)行了研究;結(jié)果表明:松散層厚度對地表移動影響較大,主要表現(xiàn)在松散層越厚地表沉陷盆地范圍越大;隨著松散層厚度的增加,地表下沉最大值先增大再減小,再增大后減小,在松散層厚度為90m時最大下沉值最大;水平移動最大值隨松散層厚度的增加,呈增大趨勢并趨于定值。4.利用數(shù)學(xué)力學(xué)方法及結(jié)構(gòu)力學(xué)、拱橋設(shè)計理論等知識建立了均布荷載和梯形土壓力荷載作用下合理拱軸線方程�？紤]采空區(qū)頂板巖層破壞后導(dǎo)致的上覆巖土層移動變形,對支座移動作用下拱內(nèi)力計算進(jìn)行了理論分析,包括內(nèi)力變化引起的拱體位移,研究得出拱軸力、拱腳相對水平移動引起的內(nèi)力、拱腳相對垂直移動引起的內(nèi)力和拱腳相對轉(zhuǎn)角引起的各截面的內(nèi)力,拱軸線與壓力線相近時,拱頂豎向變形。按照極限承載力設(shè)計原理,引入安全系數(shù),提出拱腳在水平推力作用下發(fā)生剪切破壞的截面設(shè)計方法。5.利用正交試驗設(shè)計方法分別安排了拱形結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)和注漿結(jié)石體材料參數(shù),通過離散元數(shù)值計算,得出適用于該采空區(qū)的拱形結(jié)構(gòu)形狀參數(shù)的最優(yōu)組合和注漿結(jié)石體材料參數(shù)的最優(yōu)組合的數(shù)值計算結(jié)果。并用亮馬村采空區(qū)的數(shù)值模型對最優(yōu)參數(shù)進(jìn)行地表沉陷減沉效果數(shù)值驗證,結(jié)果認(rèn)為這上述最優(yōu)參數(shù)組合下減沉效果最好,減沉率可達(dá)到99.28%。6.利用均勻設(shè)計試驗方法制定了配合比設(shè)計試驗方案,通過對配制的注漿材料進(jìn)行粘度、固結(jié)率、干密度、抗壓強度和抗拉強度測試,得出各組試件的相關(guān)物理力學(xué)參數(shù)。利用MATLAB軟件分別計算出各粘度、干密度、固結(jié)率、抗壓強度、抗拉強度、粘聚力與配合比參數(shù)之間的函數(shù)關(guān)系式,結(jié)合多目標(biāo)函數(shù)優(yōu)化方法得出了適合拱形結(jié)構(gòu)注漿的最佳材料配合比設(shè)計方案w_g=0.4598,c_g=0.4183和s_c=0.3137%。
[Abstract]:Goaf subsidence is a hot issue in geotechnical engineering. It involves traffic engineering, municipal engineering, mining engineering, construction engineering, land remediation and other areas. In recent years, with China's "The Belt and Road" policy implementation of the deepening, high-speed rail, highway, city construction and land remediation project construction The surface subsidence of the goaf is a major obstacle which can not be ignored in the construction of these projects. The Jiaozuo city of Henan province has been a coal capital. The underground mining in the past few decades has led to a large number of mined areas in this area, and the cost of conventional treatment engineering is great, and the construction and construction of the city have been perplexed for a long time. Economic development. In view of the stratigraphic and geological characteristics of the region, it is an important research subject to effectively solve the geological environment problem in this mine, which is an important research subject to effectively solve the geological environment problem in this mine. This paper takes the bright Macun mined area of the Jiaozuo minzhuang mine as the research object, and combines the stratigraphic geological characteristics of the ground surface thick loose layer in the goaf. A new grouting method was developed to control surface subsidence in arch structure grouting. Through field investigation and data collection, the characteristics of surface damage in the study area were analyzed. Based on the theory of key layer, the surface subsidence mechanism of Macun goaf was studied. The basic mechanics principle of arched structure grouting was studied by mathematical mechanics analysis method, and the internal force of arch structure was proposed and changed. Shape calculation and design method of arch foot section. Based on orthogonal test method, the parameters of arch structure and grouting material are designed. Numerical simulation test is used to optimize the combination of parameters. Based on uniform design test, the mix ratio design of new type grouting material is studied. Finally, the arch structure grouting scheme and land consolidation measures of surface subsidence in the study area are obtained. The contents and results are as follows: 1. through the data collection and field investigation, the geological background conditions and the surface deformation characteristics and the influencing factors of the goaf in the Macun minzhuang mine of Jiaozuo city are clarified. The maximum subsidence value of the 6 subsidence basins in the study area, the maximum tilting value and the maximum horizontal deformation value are both large, the maximum subsidence coefficient Q 2=1.38, the minimum sinking coefficient q1=0.92, the subsidence coefficient of the goaf is larger, the influence factors near 1 or more than 1. are mainly influenced by mining factors and geological conditions; the surface of the study area is thick loose layer, and the subsidence basin is mostly gentle type.2. based on the key layer theory to judge the key layer of the goaf, and find a key key. The surface movement calculation formula based on the key layer theory is fitted to the 6 subsidence basins based on the key layer theory. The shape of the collapsed basin accords with the surface condition of the collapse pit which is investigated in the field, and shows that the subsidence of the subsidence is wide and the surface of the surface is relatively gentle,.3., using the discrete element software to the thickness of the loose layer. The results show that the thickness of the loose layer has a great influence on the surface movement, which is mainly manifested in the thicker the surface subsidence basin in the loose layer, and with the increase of the thickness of the loose layer, the maximum value of the surface subsidence first increases and then decreases, then decreases, and the maximum subsidence value is most when the thickness of the loose layer is 90m. The maximum value of horizontal movement increases with the increase of the thickness of the loose layer and tends to increase and tends to the fixed value.4.. The rational arch axis equation is established by means of mathematical mechanics method and structural mechanics, arch bridge design theory and so on. The movement of overlying strata caused by the failure of the top slate in the goaf is changed. A theoretical analysis is made of the internal force calculation of the arch under the action of the support movement, including the displacement of the arch caused by the internal force change, and the internal force caused by the arch axis force, the relative horizontal movement of the arch foot, the internal force caused by the relative vertical movement of the arch foot and the relative rotation angle of the arch foot, and the vertical direction of the vault when the arch axis is close to the pressure line. According to the design principle of ultimate bearing capacity and introducing the safety factor, the section design method for the shear failure of the arch foot under horizontal thrust is put forward,.5., the arch structure parameters and the material parameters of the grouting stone are arranged by the orthogonal experimental design method, and the arch junction suitable for the goaf is obtained through the numerical calculation of the discrete element. The optimal combination of the configuration parameters and the optimum combination of the material parameters of the grouting stone body is calculated. The numerical model of the surface subsidence and subsidence is verified by the numerical model of the bright Macun goaf. The results show that the settlement reduction effect is the best under the combination of the above optimal parameters, and the sedimentation rate can be reached to 99.28%.6. using uniform setting. According to the test method, a mix proportion design test scheme is made. By testing the viscosity, consolidation rate, dry density, compressive strength and tensile strength of the prepared grouting material, the related physical and mechanical parameters of the specimens are obtained. The viscosity, dry density, consolidation rate, compressive strength, tensile strength, cohesive strength and matching are calculated by MATLAB software. In combination with the function relation between the ratio parameters, the optimum material mix design scheme, w_g=0.4598, c_g=0.4183 and s_c=0.3137%., suitable for the arched structure grouting is obtained by combining the multi-objective function optimization method.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國地質(zhì)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TU478;TU753

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