發(fā)布時間：2018-06-02 15:18

  本文選題：城市內(nèi)澇災害 + 低影響開發(fā)�。� 參考：《西南交通大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：伴隨著城市化的快速發(fā)展,土石路面逐漸被硬化路面所取代,阻絕了自然生態(tài)水循環(huán)系統(tǒng),加之極端氣候的影響,導致城市內(nèi)澇災害在全國頻發(fā)。低影響開發(fā)措施作為海綿城市建設(shè)的基本理念,近年來在全國各地普遍展開,其中生物滯留池又是低影響開發(fā)措施中普遍采用的一種技術(shù)手段。從傳統(tǒng)生物滯留池內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)及運行方式分析不難看出,生物滯留池可能會因結(jié)構(gòu)和工藝設(shè)計中存在的缺陷,導致滯留池堵塞等因素而失去其應(yīng)有的功能和作用。本文首先對低影響開發(fā)幾種常見技術(shù)措施進行綜合研究,分析各自的適用條件和優(yōu)缺點,重點分析了生物滯留池的建造工藝和結(jié)構(gòu)型式,在闡述了生物滯留池設(shè)計原理的基礎(chǔ)上,綜合分析了常規(guī)生物滯留池內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)形式以及對雨水處理的作用原理。在充分研究了傳統(tǒng)生物滯留池的工藝原理和設(shè)計理論的基礎(chǔ)上,指出了傳統(tǒng)生物滯留池存在的問題,如長時間運營后內(nèi)部堵塞而失去其滯留暴雨的功能;維護管理困難;結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化不足;預處理設(shè)施與高程設(shè)計的協(xié)調(diào)等問題。提出了幾種改進技術(shù),如內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化,雨水截污筐和截污掛籃以及渦流池前置預處理等。本文通過試驗研究,首先證實了城市雨水地表徑流下傳統(tǒng)生物滯留池因設(shè)計不合理發(fā)生堵塞而失去原有功能的情況。同時發(fā)現(xiàn)當生物滯留池失去功能時覆蓋層含有大量沙石而且過濾層出水泥沙濃度過高;進入生物滯留池雨水濃度越低,滯留池的凈化效果越好而且下滲時間越快,說明了減少進入生物滯留池中雨水的固體含量是保障生物滯留池長期使用的有效措施;而且當下游水位逐漸增高時,上游生物滯留池對雨水處理效果明顯變差。試驗還對入流雨水進行了前置預處理研究,發(fā)現(xiàn)小型化渦流池可以有效的將泥沙和雨水分離,增加了生物滯留池的使用年限,減小了雨水生物滯留池系統(tǒng)運行維護的難度。試驗結(jié)果和理論分析認為,小型渦流池預處理具有占地小、布置靈活、方便清理、效果良好、建造成本低、使用年限長等諸多優(yōu)點,可以根據(jù)現(xiàn)場條件合理設(shè)計和布置。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of urbanization, the soil and stone pavement is gradually replaced by hardened pavement, which blocks the natural ecological water circulation system and the influence of extreme climate, which leads to frequent urban waterlogging disasters in China. As the basic concept of sponge city construction, low impact development measures have been widely carried out all over the country in recent years, in which the biological retention pool is a kind of technical means commonly used in the low impact development measures. From the analysis of the internal structure and operation mode of the traditional biological detention tank, it is not difficult to see that the biological detention tank may lose its function and function due to the defects in the structure and process design, resulting in blockage and other factors. In this paper, several common technical measures of low impact development are studied comprehensively, and their applicable conditions, advantages and disadvantages are analyzed, and the construction technology and structure type of biological detention tank are analyzed emphatically. On the basis of expounding the design principle of biological detention tank, the internal structure of conventional biological detention cell and the action principle of Rain Water treatment are analyzed synthetically. Based on the study of the process principle and design theory of the traditional biological detention tank, the existing problems of the traditional biological detention tank are pointed out, such as the loss of the function of the detention rainstorm caused by the internal blockage after a long period of operation, the difficulty of maintenance and management. Lack of structural optimization, coordination of preprocessing facilities and elevation design, etc. Several improved techniques are proposed, such as optimization of internal structure, Rain Water fouling basket and suspended basket, and pre-treatment of eddy current pool. Based on the experimental study, it is confirmed that the traditional biological retention tank under urban Rain Water surface runoff has lost its original function due to unreasonable design blockage. At the same time, it was found that when the biological retention tank lost its function, the overburden contained a large amount of sand and rock and the sediment concentration in the effluent of the filter layer was too high. The lower the Rain Water concentration in the biological retention tank, the better the purification effect and the faster the infiltration time. It is shown that reducing the solid content of Rain Water in the biological detention tank is an effective measure to ensure the long-term use of the biological retention tank, and when the downstream water level increases gradually, the effect of the upstream biological retention tank on the treatment of Rain Water becomes significantly worse. The pre-treatment of incoming Rain Water was also carried out. It was found that miniaturized swirl pool could effectively separate sediment from Rain Water, increase the service life of biological detention tank, and reduce the difficulty of operation and maintenance of Rain Water biological detention tank system. The experimental results and theoretical analysis show that the preprocessing of small eddy current pool has many advantages, such as small occupation, flexible layout, convenient cleaning, good effect, low construction cost, long service life and so on, which can be reasonably designed and arranged according to the field conditions.
【學位授予單位】：西南交通大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TU992

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本文編號：1969241