本文選題：突破壓力 + 柴達(dá)木盆地�。� 參考：《中國地質(zhì)大學(xué)(北京)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：突破壓力是評價巖石封蓋能力的重要參數(shù)。頁巖作為細(xì)粒沉積巖的一種,因為其本身多孔低滲的特點通常認(rèn)定它具有較高的氣體封存效率,在室內(nèi)研究中這種較高的氣體封存效率表現(xiàn)為頁巖巖樣具有極高的突破壓力值。因而頁巖地層不但可以廣泛的應(yīng)用于核廢料、溫室氣體的封存,同時也是頁巖氣生成的有利層位。在一般情況下,完全飽水狀態(tài)下的頁巖巖樣突破壓力值可以高達(dá)40MPa,在實際情況中頁巖地層內(nèi)育有大量的天然裂隙,這些裂隙可能會導(dǎo)致突破壓力值相對完整狀態(tài)下突破壓力值小五十倍以上,進而對巖石本身的低滲透率特性造成影響。本文在此基礎(chǔ)上,通過對巖樣制造工人造裂隙以此來模擬裂隙對石炭系頁巖的突破壓力的影響。實驗中選取了來自zk1-1井中石炭系上統(tǒng)克魯克組的三塊頁巖巖樣。用線鋸對三塊巖樣進行縱向切割后再次用黏合劑黏合起來從而得到隙寬較小的單一貫通裂隙。運用HA-I型多相流滲透儀在巖樣完全飽水狀態(tài)下,其他條件不變,只改變環(huán)壓這一單一條件。以此來得到不同環(huán)壓下帶有單一貫通裂隙巖樣的突破壓力值。同時利用多相流滲透儀注入流體并全程記錄過程中上下游壓差、流量等數(shù)據(jù),結(jié)合達(dá)西定律及立方定律公式計算得到巖樣的裂隙寬度,再通過運用X射線衍射分析方法得到頁巖礦物成分相對含量以及運用測量超聲波速度的方法得到的該樣品的泊松比、彈性模量等力學(xué)參數(shù)來共同探究裂隙突破壓力相對于一般巖石突破壓力的不同,探究裂隙這一影響因素對于突破壓力的控制作用。通過實驗我們測量出人工裂隙大小為16μm-50μm相對一般巖樣自然發(fā)育裂隙0.13μm-1μm大出約百倍左右。在這些人工裂隙的影響下,裂隙突破壓力值最小為0.03MPa,最大值為0.17MPa。相比正常飽水巖樣突破壓力值呈現(xiàn)出銳減的趨勢。結(jié)合樣品彈性模量這一力學(xué)參數(shù)、礦物成分分析后得出,裂隙突破壓力受到本身粘土礦物含量及彈性模量即剛度的雙重影響。巖樣自身粘土礦物成分含量高的在飽水狀態(tài)下粘土礦物發(fā)生膨脹可以使巖樣在較低環(huán)壓下保持裂隙寬度變化范圍比較小,而巖樣自身彈性模量較大的巖樣在環(huán)壓變化下能夠保持裂隙寬度相對穩(wěn)定的變化而不至于在高環(huán)壓下導(dǎo)致巖樣發(fā)生形變。本研究研究了裂隙的存在對突破壓力的影響,對溫室氣體等有害氣體封存性能評價及頁巖氣開采過程中水力壓裂過程具有重要的現(xiàn)實意義。
[Abstract]:Breakthrough pressure is an important parameter to evaluate the sealing ability of rock. Shale, as one of fine sedimentary rocks, is usually considered to have high gas storage efficiency because of its own porous and low permeability characteristics. In laboratory study, this high gas storage efficiency is shown as the extremely high breakthrough pressure value of shale samples. Therefore, shale formation is not only widely used in the storage of nuclear waste and greenhouse gases, but also a favorable horizon for shale gas generation. In general, the breakthrough pressure of shale rock samples in a fully saturated state can be as high as 40 MPA. In practice, there are a large number of natural fissures in shale strata. These fractures may lead to a breakthrough pressure value of more than 50 times smaller than that of the rock under the condition of relatively complete breakthrough pressure, which will affect the low permeability characteristics of the rock itself. On this basis, the influence of fracture on the breakthrough pressure of Carboniferous shale is simulated by making cracks on rock samples. Three shale samples from the Carboniferous upper Kruke formation in zk1-1 well were selected. Three rock samples were cut longitudinally by wire saws and then bonded with binder to obtain a single perforated fracture with small gap width. Under the condition that the rock samples are completely saturated with water, the other conditions remain unchanged and only the ring pressure is changed by using the HA-I multiphase flow osmometer. The breakthrough pressure values of rock samples with a single through fracture under different ring pressures are obtained. At the same time, the fracture width of rock sample is calculated by using multiphase flow permeator to inject fluid and record the data of pressure difference and flow rate in the whole process, combined with Darcy's law and cubic law formula. The relative content of shale mineral and the Poisson's ratio of the sample obtained by using the method of measuring ultrasonic velocity are obtained by using X-ray diffraction analysis. The mechanical parameters such as modulus of elasticity are used to explore the difference of fracture breakthrough pressure compared with the general rock breakthrough pressure, and the controlling effect of fracture on breakthrough pressure is explored. The artificial fracture size of 16 渭 m to 50 渭 m is about 100 times larger than that of natural developed fractures of 0.13 渭 m ~ (-1) 渭 m in normal rock samples. Under the influence of these artificial fissures, the fracture breakthrough pressure is 0.03MPa and the maximum is 0.17MPa. Compared with the normal saturated rock samples, the breakthrough pressure values show a trend of sharp decrease. According to the mechanical parameter of elastic modulus of the sample and the analysis of mineral composition, it is concluded that the fracture breaking pressure is affected by the content of clay minerals and the elastic modulus, that is, the stiffness. The swelling of clay minerals with high content of clay minerals in rock samples can make rock samples keep crack width variation range smaller under lower ring pressure. However, the rock samples with larger elastic modulus can keep the fracture width relatively stable under the ring pressure change, and not cause the rock samples to deform under the high ring pressure. In this paper, the influence of the existence of cracks on breakthrough pressure is studied. It is of great practical significance to evaluate the storage performance of harmful gases such as greenhouse gases and hydraulic fracturing in shale gas extraction.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國地質(zhì)大學(xué)(北京)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TU45

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