擴(kuò)展?jié)摿Α鷳B(tài)約束協(xié)調(diào)的城市開(kāi)發(fā)邊界劃定方法研究
本文選題：城市開(kāi)發(fā)邊界 + 城市建設(shè)用地?cái)U(kuò)展?jié)摿?/strong> ； 參考：《南京大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文
【摘要】：我國(guó)快速的城市化進(jìn)程令世界矚目,城市建設(shè)用地的空間擴(kuò)展已成為我國(guó)土地利用變化的主導(dǎo)特征。同時(shí),伴隨而來(lái)的是耕地安全面臨威脅、生態(tài)環(huán)境受到干擾、以及城市空間結(jié)構(gòu)松散低效等制約城市健康發(fā)展的問(wèn)題。從國(guó)際經(jīng)驗(yàn)來(lái)看,城市開(kāi)發(fā)邊界作為城市空間增長(zhǎng)管理的政策工具,對(duì)于緩解經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展需求和自然資源約束之間的尖銳矛盾有著重要而積極的作用。而我國(guó)的宏觀政策層面,如《國(guó)家新型城鎮(zhèn)化規(guī)劃(2014-2020年)》等,也將城市空間增長(zhǎng)管理方式指向加強(qiáng)對(duì)城市空間擴(kuò)張的規(guī)�？刂坪陀行蛞龑�(dǎo),強(qiáng)調(diào)了劃定城市開(kāi)發(fā)邊界的重要性。在此背景下,如何協(xié)調(diào)土地開(kāi)發(fā)與資源保護(hù)矛盾,科學(xué)合理地劃定城市開(kāi)發(fā)邊界,成為關(guān)系未來(lái)城市可持續(xù)健康發(fā)展的重大挑戰(zhàn)。目前,城市開(kāi)發(fā)邊界劃定方法主要圍繞城市擴(kuò)展空間預(yù)測(cè)與生態(tài)安全格局劃定研究展開(kāi),實(shí)現(xiàn)了城市擴(kuò)展規(guī)模的有效控制和區(qū)域生態(tài)本底的相對(duì)保留。然而,當(dāng)前研究尚未考慮人類活動(dòng)空間分布對(duì)塑造城市空間形態(tài)的影響。因此,論文選擇城市空間增長(zhǎng)潛力顯著、生態(tài)資源制約作用明顯并且保護(hù)需求突出的長(zhǎng)沙市中心城區(qū)作為研究區(qū),從統(tǒng)籌協(xié)調(diào)"城市內(nèi)部擴(kuò)展?jié)摿?與"外部生態(tài)約束"的視角出發(fā),融合表征人類活動(dòng)空間分布的多源時(shí)空大數(shù)據(jù),集成地理空間分析、地理評(píng)價(jià)技術(shù)、Logistic回歸、元胞自動(dòng)機(jī)等模型方法,構(gòu)建了城市建設(shè)用地?cái)U(kuò)展?jié)摿υu(píng)價(jià)模型,提出了生態(tài)用地重要性指數(shù)計(jì)算方法,設(shè)計(jì)并實(shí)現(xiàn)了基于區(qū)域生態(tài)特性評(píng)價(jià)分級(jí)的城市空間演變過(guò)程模擬模型——EI-CA模型,開(kāi)展了城市開(kāi)發(fā)邊界劃定方法研究,并對(duì)研究提出的劃定方法的科學(xué)性和有效性進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)分析。主要研究?jī)?nèi)容與結(jié)論如下:(1)城市建設(shè)用地?cái)U(kuò)展?jié)摿υu(píng)價(jià)。城市的空間擴(kuò)展方向與其內(nèi)部動(dòng)力因素息息相關(guān),通過(guò)城市建設(shè)用地?cái)U(kuò)展?jié)摿υu(píng)價(jià)可以反映城市空間擴(kuò)展規(guī)律。然而,如何有效地把握影響城市建設(shè)用地?cái)U(kuò)展的內(nèi)部動(dòng)力因素,是城市建設(shè)用地?cái)U(kuò)展?jié)摿υu(píng)價(jià)的關(guān)鍵問(wèn)題。論文從人口、經(jīng)濟(jì)、區(qū)位、基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施布局四個(gè)方面出發(fā),應(yīng)用夜間燈光遙感影像、微博簽到點(diǎn)等多源時(shí)空大數(shù)據(jù)構(gòu)建了城市建設(shè)用地?cái)U(kuò)展?jié)摿υu(píng)價(jià)體系;基于Logistic回歸模型,實(shí)現(xiàn)了對(duì)城市建設(shè)用地?cái)U(kuò)展?jié)摿Φ谋磉_(dá)。結(jié)果表明,經(jīng)濟(jì)變化、人口活動(dòng)分布、距主干道距離和常住人口密度因子對(duì)城市建設(shè)用地?cái)U(kuò)展解釋率最高,并且,城市建設(shè)用地?cái)U(kuò)展?jié)摿Υ嬖陲@著的空間分異。(2)生態(tài)用地重要性評(píng)價(jià)。生態(tài)用地作為建設(shè)用地?cái)U(kuò)展的潛在供給土地,理應(yīng)成為城市空間增長(zhǎng)管理的重點(diǎn)研究區(qū)域。對(duì)此,論文從"生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)功能"和"生態(tài)需求強(qiáng)度"角度出發(fā),集成USLE、InVEST和HSI模型,設(shè)計(jì)了生態(tài)用地重要性(EI)指數(shù)計(jì)算方法。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),生態(tài)用地重要性指數(shù)最高的區(qū)域包括提供重要生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)功能(生物多樣性維持功能、土壤保持功能、固碳功能)的森林公園、濕地公園、生態(tài)公益林,以及滿足高強(qiáng)度生態(tài)需求的林地、水體等零散生態(tài)斑塊;重要性指數(shù)相對(duì)低的生態(tài)用地則為分布在郊區(qū)的農(nóng)田、草地。(3)城市開(kāi)發(fā)邊界劃定。根據(jù)統(tǒng)籌"城市內(nèi)部擴(kuò)展?jié)摿?和"外部生態(tài)約束"的設(shè)計(jì)思想,針對(duì)如何協(xié)調(diào)建設(shè)開(kāi)發(fā)與生態(tài)保護(hù)之間沖突的城市空間增長(zhǎng)管理難題,論文基于城市建設(shè)用地?cái)U(kuò)展?jié)摿υu(píng)價(jià)及生態(tài)用地重要性評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果,構(gòu)建了 EI-CA模型,實(shí)現(xiàn)了不宜建設(shè)開(kāi)發(fā)空間的評(píng)價(jià)和在適宜區(qū)域內(nèi)的城市建設(shè)用地?cái)U(kuò)展模擬,據(jù)此劃定了城市開(kāi)發(fā)邊界。通過(guò)對(duì)劃定結(jié)果的評(píng)價(jià)分析可知,"擴(kuò)展?jié)摿?生態(tài)約束"協(xié)調(diào)下劃定的城市開(kāi)發(fā)邊界不僅符合研究區(qū)空間發(fā)展形態(tài),對(duì)于未來(lái)的建設(shè)用地?cái)U(kuò)展方向預(yù)測(cè)合理;而且避免了侵占重要生態(tài)資源,引導(dǎo)城市在適宜區(qū)域擴(kuò)展,達(dá)到了兼顧城市空間發(fā)展和生態(tài)資源保護(hù)的多重目的。
[Abstract]:The rapid urbanization process in China attracts the world's attention. The spatial expansion of urban construction land has become the dominant feature of the change of land use in China. At the same time, the problems associated with the threat of cultivated land security, the disturbance of the ecological environment and the loose and low efficiency of urban space are the problems of the healthy development of the cities. As a policy tool for urban space growth management, the urban development boundary plays an important and active role in alleviating the sharp contradiction between the demand for economic development and the constraints of natural resources. In China, the macro policy level, such as the national new urbanization plan (2014-2020 years), also points to the strengthening of the urban spatial growth management mode. The scale control and orderly guidance of urban space expansion emphasizes the importance of delimiting the boundary of urban development. In this context, how to coordinate the contradiction between land development and resource protection, scientifically and rationally delineate the urban development boundary, become a major challenge to the sustainable and healthy development of the city in the future. We should focus on the study of urban expansion space prediction and ecological security pattern, and realize the effective control of the scale of urban expansion and the relative reservation of regional ecological background. However, the current research has not taken into account the influence of spatial distribution of human activities on the shape of urban space. Therefore, the paper chooses the potential of urban space growth to be significant. As a research area, the central urban area of Changsha, which has obvious constraints of state resources and the protection of demand, is taken as a study area. From the perspective of coordinating "the expansion potential of the city" and "external ecological constraints", the multi source and spatio-temporal data representing the spatial distribution of human activities are integrated, and the integrated spatial analysis, geographical evaluation, Logistic regression, and cell are integrated. The evaluation model of urban construction land expansion potential is constructed, and the calculation method of ecological land importance index is proposed. The simulation model of urban spatial evolution process based on the evaluation and classification of regional ecological characteristics - EI-CA model is designed and realized, and the research on the boundary delimiting method for urban development is carried out, and the research is put forward. The main research contents and conclusions are as follows: (1) the expansion potential evaluation of urban construction land. The spatial expansion direction of the city is closely related to its internal dynamic factors, and the expansion potential evaluation of urban construction land can reflect the law of urban space expansion. However, how to be effective To grasp the internal dynamic factors affecting the expansion of urban construction land is the key problem for the evaluation of the expansion potential of urban construction land. From four aspects of population, economy, location and infrastructure layout, this paper constructs the evaluation of the expansion potential of urban construction land using night light remote sensing images, micro-blog sign to point and so on. Based on the Logistic regression model, the expression of the expansion potential of urban construction land is realized. The results show that the economic change, the distribution of population activities, the distance from the main trunk road and the density factor of the resident population have the highest interpretation rate to the urban construction land expansion, and there are significant spatial differences in the expansion potential of urban construction land. (2) ecological land Importance evaluation. Ecological land as the potential supply of land for expansion of construction land should be the key area of urban space growth management. From the perspective of "ecosystem service function" and "ecological demand intensity", the paper integrates the USLE, InVEST and HSI models, and designs the calculation method of ecological land importance (EI) index. It is found that the areas with the highest importance index of ecological land use include the Forest Park, wetland park, ecological forest, and sportwater, water and other ecological patches that provide important ecosystem service functions (biological diversity maintenance function, soil retention function, carbon sequestration), and water body and other ecological patches to meet the high ecological needs. The state land is distributed in the suburb farmland, the grassland. (3) the urban development boundary is delimited. According to the design idea of "the expansion potential of the city" and "the external ecological constraint", the paper aims at how to coordinate the problem of urban space growth management in the conflict between the construction and development and the ecological protection. The paper is based on the evaluation and birth of the expansion potential of the urban construction land. The EI-CA model is constructed, the evaluation of the unsuitable development space and the expansion simulation of urban construction land in the suitable area are realized. According to this, the urban development boundary is delimited. By the evaluation analysis of the delimited results, it is known that the urban development boundary delimited under the coordination of "extended potential constraint" is not only the symbol of the urban development boundary. The space development form in the study area is reasonable for the future construction land expansion direction, and avoids the occupation of important ecological resources, guides the city to expand in the suitable region, and achieves the multiple purposes of taking into account the development of urban space and the protection of ecological resources.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TU984.113
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