本文選題：傣族園林 + 土司衙署　； 參考：《內(nèi)蒙古農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：傣族是我國云南省極為重要的少數(shù)民族之一,聚居地主要分布在云南南部、西南部的西雙版納、德宏和普洱等地區(qū)。這些地區(qū)屬熱帶、亞熱帶氣候,群山環(huán)繞、河流廣布,氣候常年溫暖濕潤。這些地區(qū)優(yōu)越的自然條件,為物種的生長提供了良好的外部環(huán)境,形成了豐富多樣的自然景觀資源,被譽為"動植物王國",為傣族園林環(huán)境特色的形成及高度發(fā)展奠定了堅實的物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)。傣族聚居的地區(qū)除了有大量優(yōu)質(zhì)的自然景觀資源以外,民族文化資源也十分豐富。其中土司衙署、村寨民居和佛寺園林作為傣族文化最直接的有形載體記錄著傣民的歷史、風(fēng)俗、生產(chǎn)生活方式和自然觀等,是我國少數(shù)民族園林文化不可或缺的一部分。具體表現(xiàn)為:一、土司司署是傣族封建統(tǒng)治者的宮殿。反映出中國古代邊疆傣族社會的集權(quán)制和等級制社會秩序。它從建筑的亭臺樓閣、門廊梁柱,到建筑的裝飾裝修和空間布局,再到建筑色彩的應(yīng)用,無不體現(xiàn)著確保地方風(fēng)調(diào)雨順、五谷豐登、百姓生活安康、文明世代相傳的理念。歷代傣族土司在對漢民族文化的學(xué)習(xí)和研究的過程中,其審美觀、價值觀和生活習(xí)俗等與漢文化發(fā)生了高度融合,形成了具有地域特色的土司文化。土司衙署園林在土司文化中意義非凡,體現(xiàn)出的傣族衙署園林背后蘊含的傣族歷史文化內(nèi)涵。二、傣族聚居地群山環(huán)抱,水資源充沛,植物景觀資源豐富,得天獨厚的自然條件和本民族文化特色經(jīng)過不斷發(fā)展,逐漸形成了富有特色傣寨園林景觀資源。傣族村寨景觀蘊涵著自身特有的形成原因和發(fā)展歷史、建筑技藝、與自然和諧共生的生態(tài)理念、美學(xué)知識、社會倫理、宗教文化等,反映和體現(xiàn)著傣族的民間文化和價值觀。三、傣族佛寺園林依托于南傳佛教文化和傣族文化信仰,將佛教理念注入佛寺建設(shè)中,將宗教文化元素運用于佛寺的建筑、景觀小品的造型與裝飾中,使園林各要素均體現(xiàn)出神圣性、莊嚴(yán)感等強烈的宗教色彩,從而成為傣族人民進(jìn)行各種大型宗教活動的重要場所,成為小乘佛教文化的傳承和發(fā)揚的圣地。本文以云南地區(qū)的傣族衙署園林、村寨園林和佛寺園林為研究對象,選擇具有代表性的案例,在總結(jié)前人的理論基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合實際調(diào)查研究和分析,從園林構(gòu)成要素和園林環(huán)境特征等方面入手,對傣族園林的選址與環(huán)境的關(guān)系、空間構(gòu)成及功能關(guān)系、建筑和院落布局的形成與意義、植物景觀的功能和宗教文化色彩、景觀裝飾藝術(shù)表達(dá)的地域文化和宗教意義等進(jìn)行分析和總結(jié),進(jìn)而揭示其深刻的歷史及文化內(nèi)涵,對我們今后對傣族園林環(huán)境的規(guī)劃設(shè)計與傣族物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)保護保護提供可靠的資料來源和依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:Dai nationality is one of the most important ethnic groups in Yunnan Province. It is mainly distributed in the south of Yunnan, the southwest of Xishuangbanna, Dehong and Pu'er.These areas are tropical, subtropical, surrounded by mountains and rivers, with warm and humid climates all year round.The superior natural conditions in these areas provide a good external environment for the growth of species and form rich and diverse natural landscape resources.Known as the "kingdom of animals and plants", it has laid a solid material foundation for the formation and high development of the environmental characteristics of Dai gardens.In addition to a large number of high-quality natural landscape resources, ethnic cultural resources are also very rich in the areas inhabited by Dai nationality.As the most direct tangible carrier of Dai culture, Tusi Yazu, village houses and Buddhist temple gardens record Dai people's history, customs, production and life style and natural outlook, which is an indispensable part of the garden culture of minority nationalities in China.The concrete performance is: first, the Tusi Department is the palace of the Dai feudal rulers.It reflects the centralized and hierarchical social order of Dai society in ancient China.From pavilions and pavilions to Liang Zhu, to the decoration and layout of buildings, to the application of architectural colors, it embodies the idea of ensuring that the local conditions are smooth, the grains are plentiful, the people live in health, and civilization is handed down from generation to generation.In the process of studying and studying Han nationality culture, Dai Tusi had a high degree of integration with Han culture, such as aesthetic standards, values and living customs, and formed the Tusi culture with regional characteristics.The Tusi Yazu Garden is of great significance in the Tusi culture, which embodies the Dai historical and cultural connotation behind the Dai Yazu Garden.Second, the Dai people live in the mountains surrounded by abundant water resources, rich plant landscape resources, unique natural conditions and their own cultural characteristics through continuous development, gradually formed the rich characteristics of Dai village landscape resources.Dai village landscape contains its own unique formation and development history, architectural skills, ecological concept of harmony and symbiosis with nature, aesthetic knowledge, social ethics, religious culture and so on, reflecting and embodying Dai folk culture and values.Third, the temple gardens of the Dai nationality are based on the Buddhist culture of the south and the belief of the Dai people. The Buddhist concept is injected into the construction of the Buddhist temple, and the religious cultural elements are applied to the architecture of the Buddhist temple and the modeling and decoration of the landscape sketch.So that all elements of the garden reflect a strong religious color such as sanctity, solemn sense, and thus become an important place for Dai people to carry out various large-scale religious activities, and become a sacred place for the inheritance and development of the Hinayana Buddhist culture.This paper takes Dai Yazu garden, village garden and Buddhist temple garden in Yunnan as the research object, chooses the representative case, on the basis of summing up the theory of predecessors, combined with the actual investigation and analysis.Starting with the elements of landscape architecture and the characteristics of garden environment, this paper discusses the relationship between the location of Dai garden and its environment, space composition and function, the formation and significance of architecture and courtyard layout, the function of plant landscape and religious cultural color.The regional culture and religious significance of the expression of landscape decorative art are analyzed and summarized, and its profound historical and cultural connotations are revealed.This paper provides a reliable data source and basis for the planning and design of Dai garden environment and the protection of Dai's material and cultural heritage in the future.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：內(nèi)蒙古農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TU986

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