本文選題：挖掘機(jī)　切入點(diǎn)：駕駛室結(jié)構(gòu)件振動(dòng)　出處：《山東大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：挖掘機(jī)駕駛室振動(dòng)噪聲對(duì)駕駛員的駕乘舒適性和身心健康具有直接影響,并且隨著國(guó)產(chǎn)挖掘機(jī)產(chǎn)品參與國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)程度的不斷提高,挖掘機(jī)的NVH(Noise,Vibration and Harshness)性能要求也越來(lái)越高,因此對(duì)挖掘機(jī)駕駛室振動(dòng)噪聲控制展開研究具有重要的工程意義。駕駛室結(jié)構(gòu)件同時(shí)受多個(gè)激勵(lì)源的作用,對(duì)駕駛室內(nèi)低頻噪聲具有決定性影響,明確其主要的振動(dòng)源及傳遞規(guī)律從而采取合理的控制措施,是降低挖掘機(jī)駕駛室振動(dòng)與低頻噪聲水平的重要手段。本文針對(duì)國(guó)產(chǎn)某小型挖掘機(jī)駕駛室噪聲低頻成分突出的問(wèn)題,從衰減激勵(lì)源傳遞至駕駛室結(jié)構(gòu)件的振動(dòng)能量的角度出發(fā),采用EEMD與ICA結(jié)合的方法對(duì)影響駕駛室內(nèi)低頻噪聲的主要結(jié)構(gòu)件進(jìn)行振源識(shí)別,結(jié)合駕駛室振動(dòng)傳遞路徑分析確定振動(dòng)能量的傳播規(guī)律,用于指導(dǎo)挖掘機(jī)駕駛室振動(dòng)噪聲性能改進(jìn)。首先,為解決多源混疊造成的主要激勵(lì)源難以辯識(shí)的問(wèn)題,本文提出采用EEMD與ICA結(jié)合的振源識(shí)別方法對(duì)單通道信號(hào)進(jìn)行解耦,提取出最為關(guān)鍵的源信號(hào)。該方法首先采用EEMD分解一維信號(hào),利用綜合相關(guān)系數(shù)和能量貢獻(xiàn)率的篩選準(zhǔn)則選擇有效IMF分量,然后構(gòu)建虛擬多通道信號(hào)作為ICA的輸入,完成單一通道信號(hào)的源識(shí)別,最后根據(jù)估計(jì)的混合矩陣確定各源的貢獻(xiàn)程度。仿真分析結(jié)果表明,協(xié)同EEMD與ICA的振源識(shí)別方法可以正確分離出一維非平穩(wěn)混合信號(hào)的各源信號(hào),且能量貢獻(xiàn)度計(jì)算結(jié)果與實(shí)際情況相符,從而驗(yàn)證了該方法用于分析挖掘機(jī)振動(dòng)信號(hào)的可行性。然后,利用小波包分解算法提取挖掘機(jī)駕駛室振聲信號(hào)的低頻成分,結(jié)合駕駛室振動(dòng)噪聲形成機(jī)理的分析,進(jìn)行駕駛室振聲信號(hào)頻譜特性和頻域相關(guān)性研究,對(duì)影響駕駛室內(nèi)低頻噪聲的主要結(jié)構(gòu)件進(jìn)行振源識(shí)別并計(jì)算各振源的能量貢獻(xiàn)度。分析結(jié)果表明,該挖掘機(jī)駕駛室噪聲以低頻聲為主,儀表盤、右側(cè)護(hù)板和右壁板是影響駕駛室低頻噪聲的主要結(jié)構(gòu)件;發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)一階和二階燃燒激勵(lì)在各結(jié)構(gòu)件振動(dòng)的能量構(gòu)成中占據(jù)主要成分,是影響駕駛室低頻振聲水平的主要激勵(lì)源。最后,進(jìn)行駕駛室振動(dòng)傳遞路徑分析,確定振動(dòng)能量的傳播規(guī)律以及對(duì)駕駛室振動(dòng)的影響。以頻域振動(dòng)傳遞率為指標(biāo)評(píng)價(jià)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)和駕駛室減振系統(tǒng)的性能;基于有限元模態(tài)分析研究上車架的振動(dòng)特性,尋找易引起結(jié)構(gòu)共振的模態(tài)頻率和結(jié)構(gòu)剛度不足的部位,改進(jìn)上車架結(jié)構(gòu);結(jié)合工程經(jīng)驗(yàn),提出了控制挖掘機(jī)駕駛室振動(dòng)噪聲的改進(jìn)方案。
[Abstract]:Vibration noise of excavator cab has direct influence on driver's driving comfort and physical and mental health. With the increasing of domestic excavator products' participation in international competition, the performance requirements of excavator's NVHN NoiseVibratory and are becoming more and more high.Therefore, the research on vibration and noise control of excavator cab is of great engineering significance.The cab structure is affected by multiple excitation sources at the same time, which has a decisive effect on the low frequency noise in the cab. The main vibration sources and transmission rules are clearly defined, and reasonable control measures are taken.It is an important means to reduce the vibration and low frequency noise level of excavator cab.In this paper, aiming at the prominent low frequency component of cab noise of a small excavator made in China, from the angle of vibration energy transmitted from attenuation excitation source to cab structure,The method of combining EEMD and ICA is used to identify the vibration source of the main structural parts which affect the low frequency noise in the cab, and the vibration energy transmission law is determined by the analysis of the vibration transfer path of the cab.It is used to improve the vibration and noise performance of excavator cab.Firstly, in order to solve the problem that it is difficult to identify the main excitation sources caused by multi-source aliasing, this paper proposes a method of vibration source identification combined with EEMD and ICA to decouple the single channel signal and extract the most critical source signal.In this method, EEMD is used to decompose one-dimensional signal, and the effective IMF component is selected by the screening criterion of comprehensive correlation coefficient and energy contribution rate. Then the virtual multi-channel signal is constructed as the input of ICA, and the source recognition of single channel signal is completed.Finally, the contribution of each source is determined according to the estimated mixing matrix.The simulation results show that the vibration source identification method based on cooperative EEMD and ICA can correctly separate the source signals of one-dimensional non-stationary mixed signals, and the calculated results of energy contribution are in accordance with the actual situation.The feasibility of using this method to analyze the vibration signal of excavator is verified.Then, the wavelet packet decomposition algorithm is used to extract the low frequency components of the vibration sound signal of the excavator cab, and the frequency spectrum characteristics and frequency domain correlation of the vibration sound signal are studied based on the analysis of the formation mechanism of the cab vibration noise.The main structural components which affect the low frequency noise in the cab are identified and the energy contribution of each vibration source is calculated.The analysis results show that the cab noise of the excavator is mainly low frequency sound, the instrument panel, the right side panel and the right wall panel are the main structural parts which affect the low frequency noise of the cab.The first and second order combustion excitation of the engine occupies the main component in the energy composition of the vibration of each structure and is the main excitation source that affects the low frequency vibration level of the cab.Finally, the transmission path of cab vibration is analyzed to determine the propagation law of vibration energy and its influence on cab vibration.The frequency domain vibration transfer rate is taken as the index to evaluate the performance of the engine and cab vibration absorption system, and based on the finite element modal analysis, the vibration characteristics of the upper frame are studied to find the parts which are apt to cause structural resonance modal frequency and structural stiffness deficiency.An improved scheme for controlling vibration and noise of excavator cab is put forward by improving the structure of upper frame and combining with engineering experience.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TU621

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