發(fā)布時間：2018-03-08 16:15

  本文選題：公共綠地　切入點(diǎn)：環(huán)境正義　出處：《華東師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：城市公共綠地為市民提供了一系列社會、環(huán)境、生態(tài)、美學(xué)和健康效益,對城市生活品質(zhì)和可持續(xù)發(fā)展起著積極的促進(jìn)作用。然而,相關(guān)的環(huán)境正義研究發(fā)現(xiàn)多數(shù)情況下公共綠地在城市中的分布并不均勻,公共綠地資源的不公平供應(yīng)會損害居民的福祉,阻礙社會的可持續(xù)發(fā)展。當(dāng)前,關(guān)于國內(nèi)大城市公共綠地服務(wù)分布公平性的研究依然不多,尤其是關(guān)于兒童、老年人以及其他弱勢群體獲取公共綠地服務(wù)的公平性情況的認(rèn)知更是缺乏。上海在建設(shè)生態(tài)城市的過程中,其公共綠地建設(shè)仍面臨著諸多困難和挑戰(zhàn)。論文依托上海市科委民生科技支撐計劃課題(15DZ1203606)開展,以上海市中心城區(qū)作為研究區(qū)域,在公共綠地空間可達(dá)性評價的基礎(chǔ)之上,基于環(huán)境正義理念進(jìn)一步探究公共綠地空間布局對弱勢居民群體而言是否公平。本文的主要研究結(jié)論有:1.使用緩沖區(qū)分析法計算了不同步行距離閾值下的公共綠地服務(wù)面積比,發(fā)現(xiàn)公共綠地服務(wù)面積比隨著步行距離閾值的增大而增加,1200米距離下的公共綠地服務(wù)面積比達(dá)到了 95.2%,覆蓋了研究區(qū)內(nèi)絕大多數(shù)居住區(qū)。公共綠地服務(wù)面積比從研究區(qū)中心往外逐漸下降,浦西地區(qū)的公共綠地服務(wù)面積比要稍高于浦東地區(qū)。2.利用高斯兩步搜索移動法計算各街道的公共綠地可達(dá)性�？傮w而言,浦東地區(qū)街道的公共綠地可達(dá)性較浦西地區(qū)要好,浦西外環(huán)以內(nèi)以及浦東地區(qū)部分街道的公共綠地可達(dá)性較低;可達(dá)性較高的街道主要位于研究區(qū)西南部、東南部和北部外環(huán)附近;新江灣城街道、外高橋保稅區(qū)、程家橋街道、漕河涇新興技術(shù)開發(fā)區(qū)的公共綠地可達(dá)性明顯高于其他街道。3.公共綠地可達(dá)性與多個社會特征變量相關(guān),因子分析提取了 "城市化發(fā)展水平"、"社會經(jīng)濟(jì)地位"和"家庭組成情況" 3個主要因子來反映研究區(qū)的社會空間結(jié)構(gòu)。按因子得分對街道分組統(tǒng)計,發(fā)現(xiàn)公共綠地可達(dá)性基于社會空間結(jié)構(gòu)分異存在梯度差異。公共綠地可達(dá)性在城市化發(fā)展水平較高的街道組反而較低,社會經(jīng)濟(jì)地位最低的街道組享有最高的公共綠地可達(dá)性,兒童、已婚人口以及家庭戶比例最高的街道組的公共綠地可達(dá)性最好。4.選取兒童、老年人、無業(yè)人口、低學(xué)歷人口以及住房條件較差的居民作為重點(diǎn)關(guān)注的弱勢居民群體并計算了弱勢群體綜合需求指數(shù),發(fā)現(xiàn)外環(huán)附近以及緊鄰黃浦江的楊浦區(qū)、虹口區(qū)、閘北區(qū)、靜安區(qū)、盧灣區(qū)和黃浦區(qū)的部分街道的弱勢群體綜合需求較高。5.曼-惠特尼U檢驗發(fā)現(xiàn)老年人口、無業(yè)人口以及住房條件較差的居民的分布特征基于公共綠地可達(dá)性水平存在顯著差異。公平績效指數(shù)進(jìn)一步證實老齡人口、無業(yè)人口和居住條件較差的居民的公共綠地可達(dá)性要低于研究區(qū)全部人口的平均水平。6.LISA雙變量法辨別了弱勢群體分布與公共綠地可達(dá)性的空間相關(guān)模式。研究區(qū)中部楊浦區(qū)、虹口區(qū)、閘北區(qū)、普陀區(qū)、盧灣區(qū)和黃浦區(qū)部分街道的老齡人口或無業(yè)人口比例較高,但公共綠地可達(dá)性較低。內(nèi)環(huán)以內(nèi)虹口區(qū)、閘北區(qū)和普陀區(qū)部分街道的公共綠地可達(dá)性較低,但低學(xué)歷人口或住房條件較差的居民的比例卻相對較高。寶山區(qū)以及內(nèi)環(huán)以內(nèi)楊浦區(qū)、虹口區(qū)、閘北區(qū)、盧灣區(qū)和黃浦區(qū)部分街道的弱勢群體綜合需求較高但公共綠地可達(dá)性較低,暗示著潛在的環(huán)境非正義問題。研究結(jié)果可以為未來城市公共綠地的規(guī)劃、管理和決策提供一些借鑒。
[Abstract]:City public green space provides a series of social and public environment, ecology, aesthetics and health benefits, plays a positive role in promoting the quality of city life and sustainable development. However, the research of environmental justice of the distribution of public green space in most cases in the city is not uniform, the public green land resources unfair supply will damage the well-being of the inhabitants, hinder the sustainable development of the society. At present, research on the service distribution of public green space in the domestic big city of fairness is still not much, especially for children, the elderly and other vulnerable groups access to public green space service fairness situation cognition is the lack of Shanghai. In the process of the construction of ecological city, the public green construction is still facing many difficulties and challenges. Based on the Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Commission of science and technology support program (15DZ1203606) carried out in downtown Shanghai for As the study area, on the basis of public green space accessibility evaluation, based on the idea of environmental justice to further explore the public green space layout of disadvantaged residents groups is fair. The main conclusions of this paper are: 1. using buffer analysis of different service area of public green space walking distance threshold is lower than the calculated, found the public green space service area ratio increases with walking distance threshold, a distance of 1200 meters of public green space service area ratio reached 95.2%, covering the study area in the vast majority of the residential area. The public green space service area than from the center of the study area to gradually decline, the service area of public green land covers the area is a little more than accessibility of public green space in Pudong.2. calculated using Gauss street two step search method than to move. Overall, streets in the Pudong area of public green space accessibility is to Puxi Better area, accessibility of public green space within the outer ring part of the street in Puxi and Pudong area is relatively low; higher accessibility street is mainly located in the southwestern part of the study area, the southern and Northern Southeast near the outer ring; the New Jiangwan City streets, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Chengjiaqiao street, accessibility of public green space Caohejing New Technology Development Zone Xing.3. was significantly higher than that of other street public green space accessibility and multiple social variables, factor analysis to extract the "city development level", "social status" and "family composition" 3 main factors to reflect the social spatial structure of the study area. According to the factor scores on the streets of packet statistics, found that up to public green based on the social structure differentiation gradient differences. The accessibility of street group is higher level of development in the city's public green space has relatively low socioeconomic status, the lowest Street group enjoyed the highest The accessibility of public green space, children, married population and family households with the highest proportion of street group public green space accessibility best selection of.4. children, the elderly, unemployed population, low educated population and poor housing conditions of residents as the focus of attention of the disadvantaged residents groups and vulnerable groups to calculate comprehensive demand index, found near the outer ring and close to the Huangpu River in Yangpu District, Hongkou District, Zhabei District, Jingan District, Luwan District and Huangpu District streets vulnerable groups comprehensive high demand.5. Mann Whitney U test showed that the elderly population, unemployed population distribution and poor housing conditions of residents have significant differences in the level of accessibility of public green space. Based on the fairness of performance index further confirmed that the aging population, public green space accessibility of unemployed population and poor living conditions of the residents to the average level of study area below the total population of.6.LI SA double variable method to identify the distribution of vulnerable groups and the accessibility of public green space related mode. Research area of central Yangpu District, Hongkou District, Zhabei District, Putuo District, Luwan District and Huangpu District part of the street in the aging population or unemployed population proportion is higher, but the accessibility of public green space is low. Within the inner ring of Hongkou District, Zhabei District and Putuo District public green space accessibility the lower part of the street, but the low educated population or poor housing conditions of the proportion of residents is relatively high. Baoshan District, Hongkou District, Zhabei District within the inner ring of Yangpu District, Luwan District and Huangpu District, part of the street comprehensive high demand of vulnerable groups but the accessibility of public green space is low, suggesting the potential environmental injustice problem. The research results can be for the planning of future city public green space, provide some reference for the management and decision-making.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TU985.2

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