核酸純化擴增及檢測一體化數(shù)字PCR集成流路芯片的研制與應用
[Abstract]:In recent years, the digital PCR method on the micro-fluidic chip has been developed. The high sensitivity, accuracy and absolute quantitative properties of the digital PCR technology also give rise to the strong interest of people. The digital PCR technology is complementary to the micro-fluidic chip, and is mutually promoted, such as an integrated flow path digital PCR chip, a sliding chip, a million pixel digital PCR chip and a plurality of liquid drop digital PCR chips. However, these existing digital PCR chips, or with more lines or with complex external equipment, are laborious and time-consuming. Moreover, the existing several commercial digital PCR instruments are expensive and rely on the import completely, limiting the popularization of the digital PCR technology in the field of life science research in China. In addition, the integration of the micro-fluidic chip is a major development trend, and the functional elements such as sample processing, enrichment, separation and purification, reaction and the like are integrated into a single chip in a certain way, so that the micro-fluidic chip can cooperate with each other, and the real sample-in/ answer-out can be realized. Based on the summary of the principle, development and application of the digital PCR technology, this paper, combined with the actual situation of the laboratory, has obtained the following innovative results:1), using the air permeability of PDMS and combining the filter principle of the filter, We designed and developed a film digital PCR chip based on PDMS air permeability. The chip includes a mufilter structure like a filter structure and a thin film chip like a filter membrane. Wherein, the filter structure is composed of two parts, a sample injection hole and an air extraction hole are arranged on the filter structure, one end of the filter structure can be pumped, and one end of the sample is injected. The membrane chip is clamped in the middle of the. filter with a filter membrane with 650 circular cells with a diameter of 0.2 mm and a depth of 0.23 mm. When the syringe connected to the. mufilter is pumped, a negative pressure below atmospheric pressure appears on one side of the film wafer, and the air trapped by the sample is slowly introduced into the syringe through the PDMS film, and finally the liquid reagent is brought into each chamber and is filled. The membrane chip filled with the sample can carry out the digital PCR reaction on the PCR instrument.2) The air permeability of the PDMS is convenient for injection, but also the evaporation of the water is caused in the reaction thermal cycle of the PCR, and the reaction is influenced. We do not carry out special treatment, but add a large area of water-supplementing layer outside the film chip, which can inhibit the damage caused by evaporation.3) We integrate the nucleic acid extracting element and the digital PCR element through the method of separating the step-like sample. firstly, the required reagent segments of the nucleic acid extraction are stored in a Teflon tube; when we pump the syringe at one end of the nucleic acid extraction element, the reagent of the Teflon tube passes through the nucleic acid extraction region in sequence, the magnetic beads in the sample cracking liquid are absorbed by the magnet of the nucleic acid extraction region, The washing reagent sequentially performs the cleaning on the magnetic beads through the nucleic acid extraction region, and the PCR reagent is used for eluting the purified nucleic acid from the magnetic beads. As a result of the negative pressure operation, the sample lysing liquid and the washing liquid in the nucleic acid extraction cannot enter the PCR reaction zone to prevent the occurrence of the pollution. And a large area of the air extraction layer is arranged beside the digital PCR chamber of the micro-fluidic chip to realize the negative pressure injection. When the syringe connected to the suction layer is withdrawn, a negative pressure is present inside the suction layer, and the gas in the wafer chamber is introduced into the suction layer through the PDMS, and the reagent is brought into and filled with each cell. At the same time, after the air extraction layer is finished, the air is filled with water to act as an anti-evaporation function. At the same time, the nucleic acid extracting element is integrated on the digital PCR chip, and the nucleic acid extraction and the digital PCR reaction on a single chip are realized. To sum up, based on the air permeability of PDMS, we have developed a micro-fluidic chip which can realize the sample injection by using the negative pressure provided by the syringe, and can complete the digital PCR reaction. Compared with the prior digital PCR platform, the digital PCR system is more convenient, easy to operate and good in practicability. The integration of the nucleic acid extraction element and the digital PCR reaction element on the microfluidic chip is also realized by a step-by-step method, and the extraction of the beef DNA and the detection of the digital PCR are successfully carried out. The method is characterized in that the operation is convenient and rapid, the reagent consumption is small, the accuracy is good, and the method is suitable for common laboratory use. And the chip can also be used in the aspects of RNA extraction and cell capture based on the magnetic bead method, and provides a new method and an instrument for the more important problems in the field of life science such as tumor diagnosis, single cell detection, rare cell capture and detection.
【學位授予單位】:浙江大學
【學位級別】:博士
【學位授予年份】:2015
【分類號】:R440
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