本文選題：傳質(zhì) + 動(dòng)力學(xué)模型��； 參考：《東華大學(xué)》2015年博士論文

【摘要】：血液凈化是指通過(guò)血液凈化系統(tǒng)除去血液中某些有害物質(zhì),從而治療患者疾病的一種方式,它主要包括血液透析、血液濾過(guò)、血液吸附、血漿分離等。血液凈化系統(tǒng)經(jīng)常用于各種因素造成的代謝器官功能障礙,器官功能損傷等疾病的治療,長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)一直是人們研究的焦點(diǎn)。人工腎血液凈化系統(tǒng),是目前技術(shù)較成熟且應(yīng)用廣泛的一種血液凈化系統(tǒng),但是,這種系統(tǒng)的毒素清除機(jī)理僅適用于清除水溶性小分子毒素,而對(duì)于肝病患者體內(nèi)的與白蛋白結(jié)合的毒素并不適用。本文主要針對(duì)非生物型人工肝血液凈化機(jī)理及其相關(guān)系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行基礎(chǔ)理論和實(shí)驗(yàn)研究。首先基于大量文獻(xiàn),對(duì)目前人工肝血液凈化技術(shù)以及相關(guān)設(shè)備的現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行概述。由于清除血液中與白蛋白結(jié)合毒素的機(jī)理更為復(fù)雜,且涉及到的領(lǐng)域較多,目前國(guó)外關(guān)于人工肝血液凈化機(jī)理的研究相對(duì)較少,且不完善。國(guó)外的現(xiàn)有設(shè)備也在生物相容性、白蛋白損失和毒素清除效率等方面存在一些不足。而國(guó)內(nèi)針對(duì)人工肝血液凈化方面的研究起步較晚,研究主要是集中在醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)對(duì)現(xiàn)有系統(tǒng)應(yīng)用的臨床實(shí)驗(yàn)研究,在與白蛋白結(jié)合毒素清除機(jī)理的基礎(chǔ)研究和系統(tǒng)的原理設(shè)計(jì)方面研究甚少。因此本文針對(duì)人工肝血液凈化技術(shù)的機(jī)理和系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)的研究,對(duì)我國(guó)自主開(kāi)發(fā)研制人工肝血液凈化系統(tǒng)具有重要意義和研究?jī)r(jià)值。針對(duì)人工肝血液凈化系統(tǒng)存在的諸多問(wèn)題,本文做了幾方面研究工作,具體研究?jī)?nèi)容如下:1.人工肝血液凈化透析機(jī)理的優(yōu)化動(dòng)力學(xué)模型綜合了白蛋白與毒素結(jié)合平衡機(jī)理和透析對(duì)流傳質(zhì)機(jī)理�；谠搫�(dòng)力學(xué)優(yōu)化模型分別建立單向透析模式和濃縮透析模式系統(tǒng)的流體力學(xué)模型,并利用MATLAB軟件對(duì)兩種模式透析系統(tǒng)的清除效率進(jìn)行仿真。通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)研究,結(jié)果表明該透析動(dòng)力學(xué)優(yōu)化模型仿真結(jié)果更準(zhǔn)確,與實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)更吻合。透析模式和濃縮透析模式的對(duì)比實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),濃縮模式的透析系統(tǒng)不僅在體積、回收、成本方面明顯優(yōu)于單向模式,其清除效率較單向模式系統(tǒng)也具有一定優(yōu)勢(shì)。僅在一定條件下,濃縮透析模式的最終清除效率低于單向模式,但透析開(kāi)始時(shí)清除毒素的速率要明顯高于單向模式。2.針對(duì)人工肝血液凈化吸附動(dòng)力學(xué)傳質(zhì)機(jī)理的研究,本文根據(jù)分層吸附的現(xiàn)象,建立毒素吸附過(guò)程的動(dòng)力學(xué)模型。并基于白蛋白吸附量,對(duì)毒素吸附傳質(zhì)系數(shù)進(jìn)行修正。利用吸附傳質(zhì)動(dòng)力學(xué)模型,針對(duì)“超濾”和“對(duì)流”兩種吸附模式,分別建立兩種吸附模式系統(tǒng)的流體力學(xué)模型,并利用MATLAB軟件對(duì)系統(tǒng)的毒素清除效率進(jìn)行仿真。兩種吸附模式的工作效率進(jìn)行比較,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),超濾模式的毒素清除效率較對(duì)流模式要快,但是由于系統(tǒng)使用的吸附介質(zhì)總量相同,兩種模式的系統(tǒng)最終毒素清除效率也會(huì)趨于一致。3.本文建立了人工肝血液凈化實(shí)驗(yàn)系統(tǒng)。根據(jù)人工肝血液凈化機(jī)理的研究,對(duì)實(shí)驗(yàn)系統(tǒng)的血液凈化原理進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)。首先提出流速增強(qiáng)設(shè)計(jì),解決系統(tǒng)血漿流速受限的問(wèn)題。對(duì)該系統(tǒng)使用的硬件進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)和選型;再根據(jù)血液凈化系統(tǒng)的一些安全性原則,對(duì)整個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)系統(tǒng)的硬件進(jìn)行合理布局。根據(jù)實(shí)驗(yàn)系統(tǒng)的功能和工作流程,利用單片機(jī)實(shí)現(xiàn)實(shí)驗(yàn)系統(tǒng)的電氣控制。同時(shí),考慮到系統(tǒng)可能發(fā)生的異常情況,針對(duì)系統(tǒng)在泵工作異常、血液凝固、血液流速異常等特殊情況下,各個(gè)壓力監(jiān)控點(diǎn)的壓力變化,得出整個(gè)系統(tǒng)的安全邏輯控制關(guān)系,來(lái)確保系統(tǒng)的安全運(yùn)行。4.利用實(shí)驗(yàn)系統(tǒng)驗(yàn)證了人工肝血液透析優(yōu)化模型和濃縮透析模式的準(zhǔn)確性和有效性。之后又對(duì)超濾吸附模式和對(duì)流吸附模式的比較結(jié)果進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證,結(jié)果表明,本文推導(dǎo)的吸附動(dòng)力學(xué)模型仿真結(jié)果與實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)一致;在實(shí)驗(yàn)開(kāi)始階段超濾模式的清除效率高于對(duì)流模式。最后還對(duì)本文的實(shí)驗(yàn)系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行了實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證。綜上所述,本文設(shè)計(jì)的人工肝血液凈化實(shí)驗(yàn)系統(tǒng)合理、有效,且具有體積小,回收方便,白蛋白損失少等方面的優(yōu)勢(shì)。通過(guò)上述研究,本文取得的創(chuàng)新成果如下:1.優(yōu)化了血液透析動(dòng)力學(xué)模型,并提出了一種濃縮透析模式。本文考慮局部超濾不均勻分布的現(xiàn)象,提出一種基于局部超濾的人工肝血液透析動(dòng)力學(xué)優(yōu)化模型,解決了一般模型預(yù)測(cè)不夠準(zhǔn)確的問(wèn)題;針對(duì)單向模式透析系統(tǒng)存在的成本高、回收難、體積大等不足,首次提出了一種系統(tǒng)體積輕便、有利于白蛋白再生、便于回收的濃縮透析模式。結(jié)果證明,濃縮透析模式在清除效率方面也具有優(yōu)勢(shì)。2.提出基于白蛋白吸附量的變化,對(duì)毒素吸附傳質(zhì)系數(shù)進(jìn)行衰減修正,并首次將超濾和對(duì)流兩種吸附模式的工作效率進(jìn)行比較。該修正合理解釋了毒素吸附過(guò)程中,毒素吸附速率減慢的問(wèn)題�；谖絺髻|(zhì)模型的仿真,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),超濾模式的毒素清除效率較對(duì)流模式要快。3.提出了一種流速增強(qiáng)設(shè)計(jì)方案。流速增強(qiáng)設(shè)計(jì)利用分流和并流的思想,將系統(tǒng)中吸附后的一部分血漿,并入吸附前的血漿中,有效解決了超濾吸附模式血漿流量受限的問(wèn)題,提高了系統(tǒng)清除效率。4.設(shè)計(jì)了一種多功能吸附裝置。多功能吸附裝置長(zhǎng)度可調(diào),多種吸附介質(zhì)集于一體。該設(shè)計(jì)有效解決了一般吸附裝置需要多個(gè)串聯(lián),系統(tǒng)冗余,且吸附介質(zhì)容積有限的問(wèn)題。
[Abstract]:Blood purification is a way of removing some of the harmful substances in the blood through the blood purification system, and it is a way to treat the patient's disease. It mainly includes hemodialysis, hemofiltration, blood adsorption and plasma separation. The blood purification system is often used in various factors such as metabolic organ dysfunction, organ dysfunction and other diseases. The blood purification system of artificial kidney is a mature and widely used blood purification system. However, the mechanism of this system is only suitable for scavenging water soluble small molecular toxin, but it does not apply to albumin binding toxin in the body of liver disease patients. Based on a large number of literature, the current status of blood purification and related equipment of artificial liver were summarized based on a large number of literature. The mechanism of clearing blood with albumin in blood was more complex and involved more fields. At present, the research on the mechanism of artificial liver blood purification is relatively small and imperfect. There are some deficiencies in the existing equipment abroad, such as biocompatibility, albumin loss and toxin clearance efficiency. The clinical experimental research on the application of the system is very small in the basic research on the mechanism of albumin binding toxin clearance and the principle design of the system. Therefore, the research on the mechanism and system design of the artificial liver blood purification technology is of great significance and value for the development and development of the artificial liver blood purification system in our country. A number of research work has been done on the problems of artificial liver blood purification system. The specific research contents are as follows: 1. the optimal kinetic model of the mechanism of hemodialysis for artificial liver is integrated with the binding equilibrium mechanism of albumin to toxins and the mechanism of dialysis convection mass transfer. The model and the hydrodynamics model of the concentrated dialysis mode system are used to simulate the clearance efficiency of the two model dialysis systems. The experimental results show that the simulation results of the dialysis dynamic optimization model are more accurate and more consistent with the experimental data. The comparative experimental results of the dialysis mode type and the concentrated dialysis mode have been found to be found. The concentration mode dialysis system is obviously superior to the one-way mode in volume, recovery and cost, and its clearance efficiency is also superior to the one-way mode system. Under certain conditions, the final clearance efficiency of the concentrated dialysis mode is lower than the one-way mode, but the rate of removing toxin at the beginning of dialysis is obviously higher than that of the one-way mode.2. needle. In this paper, a kinetic model of the adsorption process of toxin was established based on the phenomenon of stratified adsorption. Based on the adsorption quantity of albumin, the adsorption mass transfer coefficient of the toxin was modified. The adsorption mass transfer kinetics model was used for the two adsorption modes of "ultrafiltration" and "convection", respectively. The hydrodynamics model of two kinds of adsorption mode system was established, and the MATLAB software was used to simulate the efficiency of the toxin clearance. The efficiency of the two adsorption modes was compared. The results showed that the ultrafiltration model was faster than the convective model, but the total amount of adsorption medium used in the system was the same, and the two models were the same. The final toxin clearance efficiency of the system will also be consistent with.3.. In this paper, an artificial liver blood purification experiment system is set up in this paper. According to the study of the mechanism of blood purification of artificial liver, the principle of blood purification in the experimental system is designed. First, a flow enhancement design is put forward to solve the problem of the limit of the blood flow velocity in the system. According to the safety principle of the blood purification system, the hardware of the whole experimental system is rationally arranged. According to the function and work flow of the experimental system, the electrical control of the experimental system is realized by the single chip microcomputer. At the same time, considering the possible abnormal conditions of the system, the blood coagulation of the system is abnormal in the pump and the blood is solidified. Under special conditions such as abnormal blood flow velocity and so on, the pressure change of each pressure monitoring point is changed, and the safety logic control relation of the whole system is obtained to ensure the safe operation of the system.4. to verify the accuracy and effectiveness of the artificial liver hemodialysis optimization model and the concentrated dialysis mode by the experimental system. After that, the ultrafiltration adsorption model and convection are also used. The results of the adsorption model are verified by experiments. The results show that the simulation results of the adsorption kinetics model are in agreement with the experimental data. At the beginning of the experiment, the clearance efficiency of the ultrafiltration model is higher than that of the convective model. Finally, the experimental verification of the experimental system is also carried out. In summary, the artificial liver blood is designed in this paper. The experimental system is reasonable, effective, and has the advantages of small size, convenient recovery and less loss of albumin. Through the above research, the achievements of this paper are as follows: 1. the dynamic model of hemodialysis is optimized and a concentrated dialysis mode is proposed. An artificial liver hemodialysis dynamic optimization model is used to solve the problem of inaccurate prediction of the general model. In view of the shortage of high cost, difficult recovery and large volume in the unidirectional mode dialysis system, a concentrated dialysis mode is proposed for the first time, which is convenient for the system volume and is beneficial to the rebirth of albumin, and is convenient for recovery. In terms of scavenging efficiency, the shrinkage mode also has the advantage of.2., which is based on the change of the adsorption amount of albumin, and the attenuation correction of the mass transfer coefficient of the toxin adsorption. The efficiency of the two adsorption modes of the ultrafiltration and convection is compared for the first time. This correction explains the problem of the slow adsorption rate of the toxin during the adsorption process. The simulation of adsorption mass transfer model shows that the removal efficiency of the ultrafiltration model is faster than that of the convective model..3. proposes a flow enhancement design. The flow enhancement design uses the idea of shunt and flow, and the absorption of a part of the plasma in the plasma into the plasma before the adsorption, effectively solving the ultrafiltration model plasma flow. A multi-functional adsorption device has been designed to improve the system clearance efficiency (.4.). The length of the multifunctional adsorption device is adjustable and a variety of adsorbents are integrated. The design effectively solves the problem that the general adsorption device needs multiple series, system redundancy and the limited volume of adsorbed medium.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東華大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：R459.5

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 王虹粵;郎瑯;;MARS人工肝在肝衰竭并發(fā)癥中的觀(guān)察與護(hù)理[J];昆明醫(yī)科大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào);2014年12期

2 薛春霞;董社英;;四種黃酮類(lèi)化合物與牛血清白蛋白相互作用的光譜分析[J];化學(xué)研究;2014年02期

3 葉長(zhǎng)q，

本文編號(hào)：1962797