游國(guó)恩楚辭學(xué)研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-09-10 17:11
【摘要】：十九世紀(jì)末二十世紀(jì)初西學(xué)東漸,中國(guó)知識(shí)分子一方面繼承了傳統(tǒng)學(xué)術(shù)研究的方法和視角,另一方面吸納融入了西方的研究方法和觀點(diǎn)。在楚辭研究方面,游國(guó)恩正是處于由古代向現(xiàn)代轉(zhuǎn)型的關(guān)鍵性人物。他奠定了現(xiàn)代楚辭學(xué)的基礎(chǔ),成為我國(guó)現(xiàn)代楚辭學(xué)的集大成者。游國(guó)恩楚辭學(xué)與清末民初的哲學(xué)、藝術(shù)、社會(huì)思潮等因素存在密切關(guān)系,這些構(gòu)成了游國(guó)恩楚辭學(xué)的外部環(huán)境。顛沛流離的人生經(jīng)歷、堅(jiān)忍不拔的性情、勤奮不輟的探索加上天資聰慧,這成為影響游國(guó)恩楚辭學(xué)的個(gè)人因素。外部環(huán)境與個(gè)人因素共同孕育了游國(guó)恩的楚辭學(xué)體系。游國(guó)恩楚辭學(xué)體系的構(gòu)建包括楚辭學(xué)作家論、楚辭學(xué)作品論、楚辭學(xué)文獻(xiàn)論、楚辭學(xué)史論。游國(guó)恩楚辭學(xué)作家論包括屈原和宋玉兩部分,屈原論涉及屈原的生卒年限、身份、思想宋玉論涉及宋玉的生卒年、師從關(guān)系。游國(guó)恩在楚辭學(xué)研究過(guò)程中提出,屈原生于公元前343年,卒于公元前277年。游國(guó)恩認(rèn)為屈原出身于天文世家,做過(guò)左徒和三閭大夫,他沒(méi)有考證二者的先后順序。游國(guó)恩對(duì)屈原的思想進(jìn)行了全面總結(jié),他既有儒道法的內(nèi)容,又有陰陽(yáng)家的成分。游國(guó)恩認(rèn)為宋玉出生于公元前296年,卒于公元前235年。對(duì)于屈原作品的篇數(shù),游國(guó)恩前后持不同的觀點(diǎn)。他早期認(rèn)為屈原作品有十二篇。在《屈賦考源》中承認(rèn)《遠(yuǎn)游》也是屈原的作品。在1946年版的《屈原》中游國(guó)恩認(rèn)為屈原作品有十三篇。在1963年版的《屈原》中,游國(guó)恩認(rèn)為屈原作品共存世二十四篇。他承認(rèn)《九歌》經(jīng)過(guò)屈原的潤(rùn)色,《天問(wèn)》是屈原最早的作品,《離騷》作于其再放襄王時(shí),《招魂》也是他的作品�！毒呸q》是宋玉的作品,有明顯抄襲屈原作品的痕跡。游國(guó)恩作為中國(guó)文學(xué)史學(xué)科的開(kāi)拓者對(duì)宋玉的藝術(shù)成就進(jìn)行了科學(xué)地評(píng)判,主要表現(xiàn)在其借古樂(lè)為新裁,以抒發(fā)情思;為文開(kāi)拓形式,描寫(xiě)入神;宋玉悲秋,成為文學(xué)上之習(xí)語(yǔ)。游國(guó)恩提出了楚辭流傳下來(lái)的兩個(gè)緣由,一是由于楚國(guó)廣大人民對(duì)愛(ài)國(guó)詩(shī)人屈原的愛(ài)護(hù)與同情;二是屈原后輩對(duì)于屈原作品的愛(ài)好和祖述�；茨贤鮿彩堑谝粋�(gè)給《楚辭》作注的人,但他只注了《離騷傳》一篇。游國(guó)恩指出了朱熹《楚辭集注》的一些弊端,如不知大言、小言,乃后人偽作;洪氏《補(bǔ)注》長(zhǎng)于名物考證、音韻訓(xùn)詁,微詞奧義較少發(fā)明。游國(guó)恩楚辭學(xué)研究還包含楚辭藝術(shù)論和楚辭審美論。游國(guó)恩認(rèn)為楚辭比興的一個(gè)最突出的特點(diǎn)就是以“女人”來(lái)做比興的材料。北方文學(xué)《詩(shī)經(jīng)》是楚辭形成的一個(gè)源流。南方文學(xué)中的《道德經(jīng)》和民間歌謠成為楚辭的另一個(gè)重要源泉。游國(guó)恩研究了楚辭的發(fā)展流向,它成為是中國(guó)辭賦之祖、駢儷文之祖、七言詩(shī)之祖。楚辭作為審美客體存在,游國(guó)恩關(guān)注的是滲透在審美形式中的意蘊(yùn)。這里面既有他自己深沉的情感體驗(yàn),又有其對(duì)人生價(jià)值意義理性思考。纂義體例是游國(guó)恩對(duì)楚辭學(xué)的一個(gè)重大貢獻(xiàn),它是對(duì)兩千年楚辭學(xué)研究的一個(gè)總結(jié),是楚辭學(xué)資料豐富的寶庫(kù)。這種以文系人、以人觀詩(shī)的形式便于查閱;“謹(jǐn)按”點(diǎn)評(píng)精當(dāng)。比較游國(guó)恩纂義與聞一多校補(bǔ)體例,發(fā)現(xiàn)游國(guó)恩纂義研究重點(diǎn)在于疏通文義,聞一多的校補(bǔ)研究重在校正文字;游國(guó)恩注重古人對(duì)楚辭的研究,聞一多比較重視近人的研究成果。游國(guó)恩的學(xué)術(shù)個(gè)性“平正通達(dá)”。他既繼承了乾嘉學(xué)派的治學(xué)傳統(tǒng),又吸收融合了二十世紀(jì)初的現(xiàn)代意識(shí)。聞一多是游國(guó)恩的好友,他們?cè)谔剿饕猿o為代表的古典文學(xué)的學(xué)術(shù)道路上并肩前行,二人的學(xué)術(shù)成果構(gòu)成了二十世紀(jì)楚辭學(xué)研究的一道亮麗風(fēng)景。游國(guó)恩楚辭學(xué)的研究理念、研究方法、研究使命等對(duì)當(dāng)代楚辭學(xué)的研究產(chǎn)生了重要的影響。其研究理念最突出的一點(diǎn)就是他的整體觀與歷史觀。他文化地理學(xué)的研究方法,民族、民俗學(xué)的研究方法,文獻(xiàn)學(xué)的研究方法等對(duì)二十世紀(jì)的楚辭文獻(xiàn)學(xué)的研究產(chǎn)生了重要的影響。游國(guó)恩把研究楚辭學(xué)與學(xué)者的社會(huì)責(zé)任緊密聯(lián)系起來(lái)至今仍有重要意義。
[Abstract]:At the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, when Western learning began to spread eastward, Chinese intellectuals inherited the methods and perspectives of traditional academic research on the one hand, and on the other hand absorbed the methods and viewpoints of Western research. In the study of Chu Ci, you Guoen was the key figure in the transformation from ancient to modern. You Guo En Chu Ci is closely related to the philosophy, art and social trend of thought of the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China, which constitutes the external environment of you Guo En Chu Ci. You Guo En Chu Ci has been influenced by your wandering life experience, persistent temperament, diligent exploration and natural intelligence. The external environment and personal factors together gave birth to the Chu Ci system of You Guoen.The construction of the Chu Ci system of You Guoen includes the writers'theory of Chu Ci, the works' theory of Chu Ci, the documents'theory of Chu Ci, and the history of Chu Ci.The writers' theory of You Guoen's Chu Ci includes Qu Yuan and Song Yu. In the study of Chu Ci, You Guoen proposed that Qu Yuan was born in 343 B.C. and died in 277 B.C. You Guoen thinks that Song Yu was born in 296 B.C. and died in 235 B.C. In the 1963 edition of Qu Yuan, You Guoen believed that Qu Yuan's works coexisted 24 times. He admitted that after Qu Yuan's polishing of Nine Songs, Tianwen was Qu Yuan's earliest work, while Lisao was his first work when he released King Xiangyuan again. You Guoen, as a pioneer of Chinese literary history, scientifically judged Song Yu's artistic achievements, mainly in his use of ancient music as a new genre to express emotional feelings; in his pioneering form to describe the spirit; Song Yu's sorrow for autumn became a literary idiom. The reason is that the majority of Chu people love and sympathize with Qu Yuan, a patriotic poet, and the latter's love and ancestor's account of Qu Yuan's works. Yu Guoen's Chu Ci studies also include the artistic theory of Chu Ci and the aesthetic theory of Chu Ci. "Tao Te Ching" and folk ballads in Fang literature have become another important source of Chu Ci. You Guo-en has studied the development trend of Chu Ci, which has become the ancestor of Chinese Ci and Fu, the ancestor of Parallel and Liwen, and the ancestor of Seven-character Poetry. Chu Ci, as an aesthetic object exists, and you Guo-en is concerned about the implication of infiltration into aesthetic form. The style of compilation is a great contribution of You Guoen to the study of Chu Ci. It is a summary of the study of Chu Ci for 2000 years and a treasure house of abundant data. With Wen Yiduo's complement system, it is found that the research on the compilation of the meaning of You Guo En lays stress on the dredging of the literary meaning, and Wen Yiduo's study on the collation of Wen Yiduo lays stress on the correcting of the characters. Wen Yiduo is a good friend of You Guo-en. They are walking shoulder to shoulder in exploring the academic road of classical literature represented by Chu Ci. Their academic achievements constitute a bright scene of Chu Ci study in the 20th century. His research methods of cultural geography, ethnology, folklore and Philology have exerted an important influence on the study of the philology of Chu Ci in the 20th century. You Guoenbao studied Chu Ci Learning is closely related to the social responsibilities of scholars.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：I207.22
本文編號(hào)：2235088
[Abstract]:At the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, when Western learning began to spread eastward, Chinese intellectuals inherited the methods and perspectives of traditional academic research on the one hand, and on the other hand absorbed the methods and viewpoints of Western research. In the study of Chu Ci, you Guoen was the key figure in the transformation from ancient to modern. You Guo En Chu Ci is closely related to the philosophy, art and social trend of thought of the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China, which constitutes the external environment of you Guo En Chu Ci. You Guo En Chu Ci has been influenced by your wandering life experience, persistent temperament, diligent exploration and natural intelligence. The external environment and personal factors together gave birth to the Chu Ci system of You Guoen.The construction of the Chu Ci system of You Guoen includes the writers'theory of Chu Ci, the works' theory of Chu Ci, the documents'theory of Chu Ci, and the history of Chu Ci.The writers' theory of You Guoen's Chu Ci includes Qu Yuan and Song Yu. In the study of Chu Ci, You Guoen proposed that Qu Yuan was born in 343 B.C. and died in 277 B.C. You Guoen thinks that Song Yu was born in 296 B.C. and died in 235 B.C. In the 1963 edition of Qu Yuan, You Guoen believed that Qu Yuan's works coexisted 24 times. He admitted that after Qu Yuan's polishing of Nine Songs, Tianwen was Qu Yuan's earliest work, while Lisao was his first work when he released King Xiangyuan again. You Guoen, as a pioneer of Chinese literary history, scientifically judged Song Yu's artistic achievements, mainly in his use of ancient music as a new genre to express emotional feelings; in his pioneering form to describe the spirit; Song Yu's sorrow for autumn became a literary idiom. The reason is that the majority of Chu people love and sympathize with Qu Yuan, a patriotic poet, and the latter's love and ancestor's account of Qu Yuan's works. Yu Guoen's Chu Ci studies also include the artistic theory of Chu Ci and the aesthetic theory of Chu Ci. "Tao Te Ching" and folk ballads in Fang literature have become another important source of Chu Ci. You Guo-en has studied the development trend of Chu Ci, which has become the ancestor of Chinese Ci and Fu, the ancestor of Parallel and Liwen, and the ancestor of Seven-character Poetry. Chu Ci, as an aesthetic object exists, and you Guo-en is concerned about the implication of infiltration into aesthetic form. The style of compilation is a great contribution of You Guoen to the study of Chu Ci. It is a summary of the study of Chu Ci for 2000 years and a treasure house of abundant data. With Wen Yiduo's complement system, it is found that the research on the compilation of the meaning of You Guo En lays stress on the dredging of the literary meaning, and Wen Yiduo's study on the collation of Wen Yiduo lays stress on the correcting of the characters. Wen Yiduo is a good friend of You Guo-en. They are walking shoulder to shoulder in exploring the academic road of classical literature represented by Chu Ci. Their academic achievements constitute a bright scene of Chu Ci study in the 20th century. His research methods of cultural geography, ethnology, folklore and Philology have exerted an important influence on the study of the philology of Chu Ci in the 20th century. You Guoenbao studied Chu Ci Learning is closely related to the social responsibilities of scholars.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：I207.22
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