本文選題：“芽蘭” + 胭脂蟲(chóng)��； 參考：《學(xué)術(shù)研究》2017年11期

【摘要】：查考粵海關(guān)志、地方志、外國(guó)人編纂的通商和語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)手冊(cè)等文獻(xiàn),可知在晚清粵語(yǔ)南音唱本《男燒衣》中出現(xiàn)的"芽蘭"一詞,應(yīng)為西班牙語(yǔ)"grana"的粵音翻譯,意指現(xiàn)代譯作"胭脂蟲(chóng)"的一種染料原料。胭脂蟲(chóng)原產(chǎn)于南美,能生產(chǎn)出鮮艷亮麗的紅色染料,自16世紀(jì)即為西班牙人所壟斷,至遲在18世紀(jì)已通過(guò)馬尼拉進(jìn)口廣州、廈門等口岸,用于染制出口的上等絲綢。19世紀(jì)英國(guó)東印度公司仍需仰賴與西班牙商人關(guān)系良好的廣州行商購(gòu)入胭脂蟲(chóng)。時(shí)至20世紀(jì),"芽蘭"逐漸被現(xiàn)代中譯詞匯"胭脂蟲(chóng)"取代,并從人們的記憶中消失。"芽蘭"的例子從某個(gè)側(cè)面反映了在漫長(zhǎng)的歷史過(guò)程中,許多外來(lái)物種和物產(chǎn)因?yàn)榉N種原因而有所變易甚或消失,其一度通用的名字間接殘存在看來(lái)并不相干的文獻(xiàn)中,本義也逐漸被人遺忘。
[Abstract]:By examining the records of Guangdong Customs, Local Records, Foreign Trade and language Learning Manual compiled by foreigners, we can see that the word "bud orchid", which appears in the song of Cantonese southern pronunciation in the late Qing Dynasty, should be a Cantonese translation of "grana" in Spanish. A dyestuff material used in the modern translation of cochineal insects. Cochineal, native to South America, can produce bright red dyes, which have been monopolized by the Spanish since the 16th century. By the 18th century, they had been imported into Guangzhou, Xiamen and other ports through Manila. Fine silk for export. 19 th century British East India Company still had to rely on Guangzhou merchants who had good relations with Spanish merchants to buy rouge worms. From the time to the 20 th century, the orchid was gradually replaced by the modern Chinese translation of the word "cochineal worm" and disappeared from people's memory. " The "bud orchid" example reflects, in one way or another, that, over the course of long history, many alien species and products have changed or even disappeared for a variety of reasons, and their once-common names have indirectly survived in what appears to be irrelevant literature. The original meaning is gradually forgotten.
【作者單位】： 香港城市大學(xué)中文及歷史系;中山大學(xué)歷史人類學(xué)研究中心;
【基金】：作者主持的香港特別行政區(qū)研究資助局撥款支持的研究計(jì)劃“畫出自然:18—19世紀(jì)中葉廣州繪制的動(dòng)植物畫”(General Research Fund,Project Number:11672416)的階段性成果
【分類號(hào)】：I207.7;K249
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本文編號(hào)：1988836