本文選題：楚辭　切入點(diǎn)：巫卜祭祀　出處：《上海師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：《楚辭》的文論批評(píng)從漢代的“以經(jīng)解騷”到漸漸重視其未被儒家經(jīng)典化之前的本來(lái)面目,對(duì)其民俗、巫術(shù)和祭祀儀式的探討早在汪瑗和戴震等明清學(xué)者時(shí)就開始了;民國(guó)時(shí)期學(xué)者如梁?jiǎn)⒊�、聞一多等先生開始非常自覺地運(yùn)用西方知識(shí),幫助解釋楚辭,同時(shí)注重傳統(tǒng)的文字訓(xùn)詁與文獻(xiàn)考證;建國(guó)后的姜亮夫、湯炳正等先生的楚辭注解也都帶有人類學(xué)、民俗學(xué)的色彩;至于對(duì)楚辭巫術(shù)祭祀儀式的探討,則從20世紀(jì)開始在海內(nèi)外都積攢了一些研究成果。本文以《楚辭》中屈原所作的詩(shī)歌為主要研究對(duì)象,分析其詩(shī)歌創(chuàng)作的巫文化背景,著重探討其中《離騷》、《天問(wèn)》、《九歌》以及《招魂》的詩(shī)歌結(jié)構(gòu)內(nèi)容和傳世文獻(xiàn)以及楚地墓葬出土的簡(jiǎn)帛文獻(xiàn)中所記載的祭禱、卜筮、祀神和招魂儀式的一致性,并進(jìn)一步考察詩(shī)歌儀式表現(xiàn)背后所蘊(yùn)含的巫術(shù)集體信仰,和詩(shī)人屈原在戰(zhàn)國(guó)時(shí)代作為個(gè)體知識(shí)分子的理性精神。全文總共包含三個(gè)部分:第一部分是緒論,緒論中梳理了從漢代以來(lái)的楚辭學(xué)相關(guān)研究成果,重點(diǎn)選取了從漢代以來(lái)的各個(gè)時(shí)代中流傳較廣、影響較大的文本。也對(duì)國(guó)外尤其是日本的楚辭巫系儀式相關(guān)研究作了介紹,并且交代了國(guó)內(nèi)近年的楚辭儀式和原型研究的相關(guān)現(xiàn)狀。第二部分是正文,共有三章。第一章交代《楚辭》的編纂、漢代流傳情況以及可以追溯到殷商巫覡政治時(shí)代的巫術(shù)祭祀傳統(tǒng),并對(duì)春秋戰(zhàn)國(guó)時(shí)期楚文化與中原文化的交往和作者屈原所處的時(shí)代做了介紹;第二章主要是借鑒前人學(xué)者楚辭儀式研究成果,并將《楚辭》詩(shī)歌內(nèi)容細(xì)節(jié)與楚地出土的簡(jiǎn)帛文獻(xiàn)與一些民俗人類學(xué)材料作比照,分析二者結(jié)構(gòu)內(nèi)容上的同一性,補(bǔ)正其中夜禱、連貞等被忽略的儀式細(xì)則;第三章集中闡釋楚辭所見儀式背后作為早期社會(huì)共通文化記憶的巫術(shù)思想與魂魄觀念,探討《楚辭》中詩(shī)人“靈魂遠(yuǎn)游”情節(jié)意象的淵源。第三部分是結(jié)語(yǔ),簡(jiǎn)要概括了文章的內(nèi)容,總結(jié)了全文的觀點(diǎn)。通過(guò)對(duì)《楚辭》中儀式的探討,從儀式程式的角度理解《楚辭》的文體結(jié)構(gòu),挖掘楚辭詩(shī)歌中思想的多元性。
[Abstract]:The literary criticism of "Chu ci" from "understanding the classics" in the Han Dynasty to gradually attaching importance to its original appearance before the Confucian canonization, the discussion of its folklore, witchcraft and sacrificial ceremony began as early as Wang Yuan and Dai Zhen and other scholars in Ming and Qing dynasties.During the period of the Republic of China, scholars such as Liang Qichao and Wen Yiduo began to use Western knowledge very consciously to help explain Chu ci, while paying attention to the traditional textual exegesis and textual research.Tang Bingzheng's notes on Chu ci are also full of anthropology and folklore. As for the discussion of the ritual of worship of witchcraft in Chu ci, some research achievements have been accumulated at home and abroad since the 20th century.This paper takes the poems written by qu Yuan in Chu ci as the main research object, and analyzes the background of witchcraft culture in his poetry creation.Focusing on discussing the consistency of prayer, divination, worship and evoking rituals recorded in the poems of "Li Sao", "Heaven question", "Nine songs" and "Soul", as well as the historical documents and the documents of bamboo and silk unearthed in the tomb of Chu.Furthermore, the collective belief in witchcraft and the rational spirit of the poet qu Yuan as an individual intellectual in the warring States period were further investigated.The thesis consists of three parts: the first part is the introduction, the introduction combs the research results of Chu ci science since the Han Dynasty, and focuses on the text which has been widely spread and has a great influence since the Han Dynasty.It also introduces the related studies of Chuci Witchcraft system in foreign countries, especially in Japan, and explains the current situation of the research on Chu ci rituals and archetypes in China in recent years.The second part is the text, there are three chapters.The first chapter explains the compilation of Chu ci, the spreading situation of Han Dynasty and the tradition of worship of witchcraft, which can be traced back to the political age of Yin and Shang sorcerers, and introduces the communication between Chu culture and the culture of Central Plains in the Spring and Autumn and warring States period, as well as the times in which qu Yuan is located.The second chapter is to draw lessons from the achievements of the previous scholars in the ritual research of Chu ci, and compare the content details of the poems with the bamboo and silk documents unearthed in Chu and some folk anthropology materials to analyze the identity of the two structural contents.The third chapter focuses on explaining the witchcraft thought and soul idea which is regarded as the common cultural memory of the early society behind the ceremony seen in Chu ci.This paper probes into the origin of the plot image of the poet's "Soul far Tour" in Chu ci.The third part is the conclusion, briefly summarizes the content of the article, summed up the views of the full text.Through the discussion of ritual in Chu ci, the stylistic structure of Chu ci is understood from the perspective of ritual formula, and the diversity of thought in Chu ci poetry is explored.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：I207.22

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