本文選題：詩化小說　切入點：藝術表征　出處：《江西師范大學》2016年博士論文

【摘要】：詩化小說是一種獨特的小說樣式,它將詩歌特征融入小說,由此帶來作品美學風格上的一系列變化,從而構成新的小說樣式。中國詩化小說從誕生至今日,已走過了百年歷史。本論文對新時期以來中國詩化小說的發(fā)展概況、詩化小說的藝術表征、詩化小說的思想傾向、當前文化語境中詩化小說的困境及存在的意義等內(nèi)容展開分析。全文共分為四個部分:第一部分梳理新時期以來詩化小說的發(fā)展概況。本文按照時間順序把新時期以來的詩化小說分為兩段:一是新時期伊始至80年代末,二是90年代以來;論述每個階段詩化小說的特點,并梳理新時期以來詩化小說的階段性、一致性以及變異和拓展。第二部分闡述詩化小說的藝術表征。這部分分為七節(jié):小說的諸要素、意境、語言、抒情性、兒童視角、節(jié)制的情感表達、富有意味的細節(jié)。第一節(jié)是小說的諸要素。詩化小說的結構核心由情節(jié)移向情調(diào),于是小說的要素(人物、情節(jié)、環(huán)境)都隨著敘事性的減弱而呈現(xiàn)出與情節(jié)小說不同的狀態(tài)。第二節(jié)是“所寫的常常只是一種意境”,這里引用汪曾祺的觀點。這節(jié)從意境的三個特征(情景交融、虛實相生、韻味無窮)展開論述。第三節(jié)是“寫小說就是寫語言”,這也是引用汪曾祺的觀點。這節(jié)分為學習和借鑒文言傳統(tǒng)、修辭手法、音樂美和繪畫美三部分。詩化小說作家自覺借鑒文學傳統(tǒng),使作品語言常常悖離一般的語言表達慣例,顯得別致或“拗口”,產(chǎn)生出一種與通常語言不同的語言表達方式和審美效果;作品中運用了大量的修辭手法,使語言更加富有表現(xiàn)力;作家還將音樂和繪畫藝術滲透在小說中,使作品具有了音樂美和繪畫美。第四節(jié)是抒情性。詩化小說都帶有極強的抒情意味,可以說,抒情性是詩化小說的一個顯著特征。第五節(jié)是兒童視角。很多詩化小說不約而同地采取兒童視角,讓兒童承擔觀察感知和敘事的角色,通過兒童的眼睛去看世界,并用兒童的口吻對世界做出評價,這必然給文本帶來一種別樣的敘事效果。第六節(jié)是節(jié)制的情感表達。詩化小說中的情感從不像決堤的江水那樣毫無節(jié)制地奔騰而瀉,而是始終處于一種平緩含蓄的狀態(tài)。第七節(jié)是富有意味的細節(jié)。詩化小說不重情節(jié),卻偏重于用一些富有意味的細節(jié)體現(xiàn)出作家的審美追求,傳達出作家的主觀情緒,同時也使作品洋溢著濃郁的詩情。這些細節(jié)對刻畫人物、推進情節(jié)、烘托環(huán)境起著重要的作用。第三部分論述詩化小說的思想傾向。這部分分為四節(jié):回歸自然、理想主義、憂傷的基調(diào)、文化守成主義者的意緒。第一節(jié)是回歸自然。回歸自然中的“自然”有兩層含義:一方面指大自然,另一方面指自然的人性。第二節(jié)是理想主義。詩化小說描繪出一種理想世界來彌補或者批判現(xiàn)實世界的缺陷,對可能的更美好的生存狀態(tài)有所憧憬有所追求,帶有鮮明的理想主義的特征。第三節(jié)是憂傷的基調(diào)。詩化小說作品總使人感到一種難言的惆悵,覺得那美好的人事景物背后隱藏著一種揮之不去的憂傷——盡管是輕煙薄霧般的悵然若失。第四節(jié)是文化守成主義者的意緒。大多數(shù)詩化小說作家把他們營造詩性藝術世界的視野投向鄉(xiāng)村,極力書寫鄉(xiāng)土文明的美好;他們挖掘傳統(tǒng)文化的價值,以堅守和回望的姿態(tài)來表達對現(xiàn)代性造成的各種負面效應的抵制,渴望和追尋健康和諧的生態(tài)環(huán)境和美好善良的人性。第四部分探究當前文化語境中詩化小說的困境及存在意義。這部分分為兩節(jié):詩化小說的生存困境及詩化小說的存在意義。90年代以來,市場經(jīng)濟繁榮、消費文化盛行,詩化小說的外部文化語境發(fā)生了很大的變化。毋庸諱言,詩化小說自身也確實存在一些藝術局限。這些局限也導致了詩化小說生存的危機與困境。不過,艱難的處境更凸顯了它的存在意義。詩化小說作家應該承擔起莊嚴的藝術使命,讓這種文體創(chuàng)作傳統(tǒng)得以賡續(xù),以促進整個時代詩性氛圍的重新營造及文學審美價值的重建。
[Abstract]:The poetic novel is a unique style of the novel, it will feature poetry into the novel, which bring about a series of changes in aesthetic style, so as to form a new novel style. Chinese poetic novels from birth to today, has gone through a hundred years of history. The development of the Chinese poetic novels since the new period, art characterization of poetic novels, the ideological tendency of poetic novels and poetic novels in the context of the current cultural dilemma and the significance of the existence of the content analysis. The thesis is divided into four parts: the first part of the development of poetic novels since the new period. This paper combs in chronological order to poetic novels since the new period is divided into two sections: one is the beginning of the new period to the end of 80s, two since 90s; discussing the characteristics of each stage of the poetic novel, poetic novels and sort out the stage since the new period, the consistency and variability and The second part of the art development. Characterization of poetic novel. This part is divided into seven sections: elements of the novel, artistic conception, language, lyric, children's perspective, emotional control, meaningful details. The first section is the elements of the novel. The core structure of the poetic novel the festival moved to the atmosphere, so novel elements (characters, plot, environment) with the weakening of the narrative is different and the plot of the novel. The second section is "writing is often a kind of artistic conception", here is a quote from Wang Zengqi's point of view. This section from three characteristics of artistic conception (scenes, virtual and real, infinite charm) expansion in this paper. The third section is "writing a novel is writing language", which is also cited Wang Zengqi's point of view. This section is divided into and learn from the tradition of classical Chinese rhetoric, music beauty and painting beauty. Three poetic novel writers with traditional literature, so that works Language often deviating from general language practice, appear chic or "mouthful", produce and aesthetic effect to express a different from the usual language; works of rhetoric, make the language more expressive; the writer will also music and painting art in the novel, the works is the music beauty and painting beauty. The fourth section is a lyrical and poetic novel. With a strong lyrical, it can be said that the lyric is a prominent feature of poetic novel. The fifth section is the children's perspective. Many poetic novels invariably take the children's perspective, let the children take the role of perception and observation of narrative, through the child's eyes to see the world, and the world is evaluated in children's tone, which will bring us a different narrative effect to the text. The sixth section is the expression of emotion control. The feeling never poetic novel Like the river as breaching of the dike unrestrained rushing down, but always in a gentle subtle state. The seventh section is meaningful details. The poetic novel is not heavy plot, but on the use of some meaningful details reflect the aesthetic pursuit of the writer, to convey the writer's subjective emotion, but also works with with rich poetry. These details of characterization, advance the plot, contrast plays an important role in the environment. The third part discusses the ideological tendency of poetic novel. This part is divided into four sections: the return to nature, idealism, sad tone, the connotation of cultural conservatism. The first section is the return to nature and return to nature. "Nature" has two meanings: one refers to the nature, on the other hand refers to the nature of human nature. The second section is idealism. Poetic novels represent an ideal world to make up for the lack of real world or criticism Depression, for possible better living conditions has been longing to pursue, with the distinctive characteristics of idealism. The third section is the sad tone. Poetic novels always make people feel a kind of unspeakable sadness, feel behind the beautiful scenery of personnel hides a lingering sadness -- despite the smoke of mist feel lost. The fourth section is the connotation of cultural conservatism. Most poetic fiction writers turn their sights on creating a poetic art world of the country, trying to write local civilization better; they excavate the value of traditional culture, to express the various negative effects of modernity to adhere to and back attitude to resist, desire and pursuit of ecology a healthy and harmonious environment and the goodness of human nature. The fourth part explores the poetic novels in the cultural context of the plight and the meaning of existence. This part is divided into two sections: Poems The plight and poetic fiction novels of the existence of.90 since the 1990s, the market economy prosperity, consumer culture, great changes have taken place in the poetic novel external cultural context. Needless to say, the poetic novel itself also exists some art limitations. These limitations also led to the crisis and predicament of poetic novel survival. However, difficult the situation highlights the significance of it. The poetic fiction writers should assume the solemn mission of art, let the writing tradition continue to promote the re construction and reconstruction, the poetic atmosphere of the whole era of aesthetic value.

【學位授予單位】：江西師范大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：I207.42

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