本文選題：低碳經(jīng)濟(jì) + 碳減排配額��； 參考：《東北財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著工業(yè)化進(jìn)程的加快、人口的增長(zhǎng)和人類(lèi)欲望的無(wú)窮上升,人類(lèi)的生存環(huán)境受到了嚴(yán)重的的威脅,低碳問(wèn)題越來(lái)越受到人們的關(guān)注。從《聯(lián)合國(guó)氣候變化框架公約》和《京都議定書(shū)》,到“巴厘島路線圖”和哥本哈根氣候變化峰會(huì),圍繞溫室氣體減排義務(wù)分擔(dān)等問(wèn)題的國(guó)際談判日趨激烈。目前,應(yīng)對(duì)全球氣候變化已經(jīng)演變成涉及環(huán)境、政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、貿(mào)易等方方面面的綜合性發(fā)展問(wèn)題。我國(guó)必須著眼于不同區(qū)域的自然資源稟賦、工業(yè)發(fā)展程度和對(duì)能源的依賴(lài)程度以及碳排放現(xiàn)狀等具體情況,建立區(qū)域內(nèi)部的碳排放權(quán)交易市場(chǎng),因?yàn)樘寂欧艡?quán)具有商品屬性,隨著排放權(quán)交易機(jī)制的成熟和發(fā)展以及碳市場(chǎng)交易的擴(kuò)大,碳貨幣化程度提高,碳排放權(quán)會(huì)進(jìn)一步衍生為具有金融性質(zhì)的資產(chǎn),關(guān)于碳排放權(quán)的現(xiàn)貨交易、期貨交易、期權(quán)交易、綠色信貸、綠色擔(dān)保等金融業(yè)務(wù)便隨之出現(xiàn),由此便具備了碳金融市場(chǎng)的雛形。構(gòu)建碳金融市場(chǎng)是我國(guó)應(yīng)對(duì)能源與環(huán)境問(wèn)題的必然選擇,它包括了交易場(chǎng)所、機(jī)構(gòu)、產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)等要素,是金融體系應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化的重要途徑。 本文從全國(guó)各省區(qū)(包括直轄市)的碳強(qiáng)度和減排量入手,引入了減排配額分配的非線性規(guī)劃模型,和我國(guó)二氧化碳減排的邊際成本曲線,并以全國(guó)減排成本最小為目標(biāo),運(yùn)用LINGO軟件對(duì)非線性規(guī)劃模型進(jìn)行分析,得到了2020年各省的減排配額分配方案,又針對(duì)碳減排量的預(yù)測(cè)值,對(duì)我國(guó)區(qū)域碳排放權(quán)市場(chǎng)和碳金融市場(chǎng)的構(gòu)建進(jìn)行了研究和探索。 本文具體結(jié)構(gòu)安排如下：第一章介紹了文章的研究意義、研究?jī)?nèi)容和創(chuàng)新點(diǎn)以及不足之處；第二章首先介紹了低碳經(jīng)濟(jì)的概念,然后是文獻(xiàn)綜述；第三章是減排配額的非線性規(guī)劃分析,首先引入了非線性規(guī)劃模型,然后介紹了數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)源,最后進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)模擬與分析,得出2020年我國(guó)各省的碳減排配額；第四章是基于減排配額分配的中國(guó)各省碳金融發(fā)展的建議,主要分為兩部分,首先是關(guān)于碳排放權(quán)交易市場(chǎng)的構(gòu)建,主要涉及市場(chǎng)構(gòu)建的順序、關(guān)鍵條件和對(duì)碳減排的影響三個(gè)方面,然后是關(guān)于碳金融市場(chǎng)的構(gòu)建問(wèn)題,主要涉及市場(chǎng)構(gòu)建的順序、碳金融交易工具、市場(chǎng)構(gòu)建的關(guān)鍵問(wèn)題和政府的制度支持四個(gè)方面。 本文通過(guò)LINGO軟件對(duì)我國(guó)2010年各省市人口、GDP和碳排放量數(shù)據(jù)(附錄)進(jìn)行處理,得出了我國(guó)2020年的最優(yōu)二氧化碳減排分配方案,即各省市的二氧化碳減排量占全國(guó)減排總量的比重,并針對(duì)各省的碳排放配額,提出構(gòu)建碳排放權(quán)交易市場(chǎng)和碳金融市場(chǎng)的建議,以及在兩個(gè)市場(chǎng)構(gòu)建中應(yīng)注意到的問(wèn)題,如構(gòu)建順序、需要解決的關(guān)鍵問(wèn)題及市場(chǎng)的構(gòu)建對(duì)低碳發(fā)展的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義等。 本文基于非線性規(guī)劃模型,以各省的碳強(qiáng)度為出發(fā)點(diǎn),對(duì)我國(guó)2020年各省的碳減排量進(jìn)行了預(yù)測(cè),從微觀方面入手,對(duì)我國(guó)各省的減排目標(biāo)進(jìn)行了量化,構(gòu)建其減排任務(wù),分析了減排阻力,進(jìn)而針對(duì)碳排放權(quán)交易市場(chǎng)和碳金融市場(chǎng)的構(gòu)建提出了建議,提出我國(guó)在碳減排中必須加強(qiáng)各區(qū)域之間的合作,使文章更具有針對(duì)性；此外,本文采用的數(shù)據(jù)全部來(lái)自《中國(guó)低碳年鑒2010》、《中國(guó)統(tǒng)計(jì)年鑒2011》和《中國(guó)能源統(tǒng)計(jì)年鑒2011》,目前屬于最新的數(shù)據(jù),使研究更加符合我國(guó)低碳事業(yè)的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀,從而更具有現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。當(dāng)然,本文亦存在不足之處。由于論文所參考的數(shù)據(jù)可得性有限,文章在分析碳減排和市場(chǎng)構(gòu)建的問(wèn)題時(shí),都以省為單位,并未細(xì)化到省內(nèi)各區(qū)域的的層面。
[Abstract]:With the accelerated process of industrialization, the increase of population and the infinite increase of human desire, the environment of human existence has been seriously threatened. Low carbon issues have attracted more and more attention. From the United Nations Framework Convention on climate change and the Kyoto Protocol, the Bali Island road map and the Copenhagen climate change summit, the temperature of the Copenhagen climate change summit is around the temperature. At present, the global climate change has evolved into a comprehensive development problem involving the environment, politics, economy, trade and other aspects. China must focus on natural resource endowments in different regions, the degree of industrial development and the dependence on energy and carbon emissions. The current situation, such as the specific situation, the establishment of carbon emission trading market within the region, because carbon emission rights have commodity properties, with the maturity and development of the emission trading mechanism and the expansion of carbon market transactions, carbon monetization degree is increased, carbon emission rights will be further derived into assets with financial nature, on the spot exchange of carbon emission rights The future of financial business, such as futures trading, option trading, green credit and green guarantee, has the embryonic form of the carbon financial market. Building a carbon financial market is an inevitable choice for China to deal with the problems of energy and environment. It includes the trading places, institutions, products and services, which is the important part of the financial system to cope with the climate change. It's the way.
This paper introduces the nonlinear programming model of the allocation of emission reduction quotas and the marginal cost curve of carbon dioxide emission reduction in China from the carbon intensity and displacement of all the provinces and municipalities (including the municipalities directly under the central government), and analyzes the nonlinear programming model by LINGO software, and obtains the emission reduction of the provinces in 2020. The quota allocation scheme also studies and explores the construction of China's regional carbon emission market and carbon financial market according to the predicted value of carbon emission reductions.
The concrete structure of this article is arranged as follows: the first chapter introduces the significance of the research, the research content and the innovation and the shortcomings; the second chapter first introduces the concept of low carbon economy, then the literature review; the third chapter is the nonlinear programming analysis of the emission reduction quota, first introduces the nonlinear programming model, and then introduces the data. The fourth chapter is based on the two parts of China's carbon finance development based on the allocation of the emission reduction quota, which is mainly divided into two parts. The first is the construction of the carbon emission trading market, which mainly involves the order of market construction, the key conditions and the shadow of carbon emission reduction. Three aspects, and then on the construction of carbon financial market, mainly involved in the order of market construction, carbon financial trading tools, the key issues of market construction and the government's institutional support in four aspects.
This paper deals with the population, GDP and carbon emission data (Appendix) of the provinces and cities of China in 2010 through LINGO software, and obtains the best carbon emission reduction allocation scheme in China in 2020, that is, the proportion of carbon dioxide emission reduction in all provinces and cities accounts for the total amount of emission reduction in the country, and the carbon emission trading market is put forward in accordance with the carbon emission quotas of each province. The proposals for the carbon financial market and the problems that should be noticed in the construction of the two markets, such as the order of construction, the key problems to be solved and the practical significance of the construction of the market to the development of low carbon.
Based on the nonlinear programming model and taking the carbon intensity of each province as the starting point, the carbon emission reduction in all provinces in China in 2020 is predicted. From the micro aspect, the emission reduction targets are quantified, the emission reduction task is constructed, and the emission reduction resistance is analyzed, and then the construction of carbon emission trading market and carbon financial market is proposed. It is suggested that our country should strengthen the cooperation between various regions in carbon emission reduction, and make the article more pertinent. In addition, the data adopted in this paper are all from China's low carbon Yearbook 2010>, China Statistical Yearbook 2011> and China Energy Statistics Yearbook 2011>, which are currently the latest data, making the research more consistent with China's low carbon cause. Of course, there are also shortcomings in this paper. Due to the limited availability of data in this paper, in the analysis of carbon emission reduction and market construction, the article is based on provincial units and has not been refined to the level of each region in the province.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：F832.5;F205

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