本文選題：農村 + 突發(fā)公共衛(wèi)生事件��； 參考：《湘潭大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：近十多年來的SARS、禽流感、豬流感、H1N1、手足口病、埃博拉、三鹿奶粉事件等,對公眾生命財產安全造成了嚴重的危害。受醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生、社會保障等諸多因素的限制,加之村民對傳染性疾病、食物中毒等公共衛(wèi)生事件缺乏科學認知,農村地區(qū)已是我國突發(fā)公共衛(wèi)生事件的重災區(qū)。因此,如何科學合理、及時有效地處置農村突發(fā)公共衛(wèi)生事件,最大限度地減少突發(fā)公共衛(wèi)生事件帶給我們的危害已經成為農村應急工作面臨的重要課題和嚴峻挑戰(zhàn)。農村突發(fā)公共衛(wèi)生事件易發(fā)、難測、容易反復。經過長期的理論和實踐探索,我國農村突發(fā)公共衛(wèi)生事件應急管理工作取得了明顯進展和積極成效。目前,我國絕大部分地區(qū)的基層單位應急管理組織框架已基本建成、應急預案較為規(guī)范明確、且相關法律法規(guī)也已施行。但農村地區(qū)突發(fā)公共衛(wèi)生事件應急管理工作也暴露出不少問題,較為突出的表現(xiàn)有農村地區(qū)應急機構設置不夠完善、應急處置不夠規(guī)范、醫(yī)療條件比較簡陋、保障政策設置不夠具體等,嚴重影響到應對突發(fā)公共衛(wèi)生事件的工作成效。究其成因,主要有農村客觀條件制約、風險意識比較低、資源配置不合理等。本文在理論分析和實證研究的基礎上,從我國農村突發(fā)公共衛(wèi)生事件應急管理的實際出發(fā),認為在今后很長一段時間內,我國加強農村地區(qū)突發(fā)公共衛(wèi)生事件應急管理工作應著重從五個方面著手:一是強化農村應急管理理念,重點是要注重轉變基層政府的職能觀、改善基層領導干部的政績觀并努力提高農村居民的應急意識;二是優(yōu)化縣、鄉(xiāng)、村應急處置體系,重點是強化縣級政府處置的主體責任、完善縣鄉(xiāng)村縱向聯(lián)動、加強應急職能機構的橫向聯(lián)系;三是加強農村應急隊伍建設,重點是培育衛(wèi)生人才、管理人才,并培育出農村應急社會組織來對政府工作進行補充;四是夯實農村應急物資保障,重點是加大對農村衛(wèi)生方面的專項資金投入及管理、增加監(jiān)測處置設備的配置及對應急品的儲備做到綜合管理;五是完善等農村應急制度保障,重點是要科學制定各項預案、及時修訂各項相關法律法規(guī)、建立嚴格問責制度等。論文的主要創(chuàng)新之處體現(xiàn)在:立足我國農村的現(xiàn)實情況,研究突發(fā)公共衛(wèi)生事件應急管理具有一定的創(chuàng)新性,為我國政府應急管理研究提供了一個新的視角,拓寬了研究視野。
[Abstract]:In recent more than 10 years, SARS, avian influenza, swine flu, H1N1, hand foot and mouth disease, Ebola, Sanlu milk powder, etc. have caused serious harm to the safety of public life and property. Limited by many factors such as medical health, social security, and other public health incidents such as infectious diseases and food poisoning, rural areas are already Therefore, it has become an important task and a severe challenge for rural emergency work to deal with emergency public health incidents in a timely and effective way and reduce the hazards brought to us in the rural areas. It is easy to repeat. After a long period of theory and practice, the emergency management of rural public health emergencies in China has made obvious progress and positive results. At present, the organizational framework for emergency management of grass-roots units in most areas of our country has been basically completed, and the emergency plan is more regular, and the relevant laws and regulations have been implemented. The emergency management of public health incidents in the village area also exposed a lot of problems. The outstanding performance is that the emergency institutions in the rural areas are not perfect, the emergency disposal is not standardized, the medical conditions are relatively simple and the policy setting is not specific, which seriously affects the effectiveness of the emergency public health events. In this paper, on the basis of theoretical analysis and empirical research, this paper, based on the theoretical analysis and empirical research, from the reality of emergency management of rural public health emergencies in China, believes that the emergency management of public health emergencies in rural areas is strengthened for a long time in the future. The work should focus on five aspects: first, strengthening the concept of rural emergency management, focusing on changing the function view of the grass-roots government, improving the performance view of the grass-roots cadres and improving the consciousness of rural residents' emergency. The two is to optimize the county, township and village emergency disposal system, and the emphasis is to strengthen the main responsibility of the county-level government and improve the main responsibility of the county government. County and rural vertical linkage, strengthen the lateral linkage of emergency functional organizations, three is to strengthen the construction of rural emergency team, the emphasis is to cultivate health personnel, management personnel, and cultivate rural emergency social organizations to supplement the government work; four is to consolidate the rural emergency material security, the focus is to increase the specific funds for rural health investment. Entering and managing, increasing the configuration of monitoring and disposing equipment and the comprehensive management of the reserve of emergency products; five is to improve the guarantee of rural emergency system, the emphasis is to make scientific plans, revise relevant laws and regulations in time, and establish strict accountability system. The main innovation of this paper is based on the reality of rural areas in China. The study of emergency management of public health emergencies has a certain innovation, which provides a new perspective for the study of government emergency management in China and broadens the research field of vision.
【學位授予單位】：湘潭大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：D63

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本文編號：2043398