本文選題：農(nóng)村 + 突發(fā)公共衛(wèi)生事件　； 參考：《湘潭大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：近十多年來(lái)的SARS、禽流感、豬流感、H1N1、手足口病、埃博拉、三鹿奶粉事件等,對(duì)公眾生命財(cái)產(chǎn)安全造成了嚴(yán)重的危害。受醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生、社會(huì)保障等諸多因素的限制,加之村民對(duì)傳染性疾病、食物中毒等公共衛(wèi)生事件缺乏科學(xué)認(rèn)知,農(nóng)村地區(qū)已是我國(guó)突發(fā)公共衛(wèi)生事件的重災(zāi)區(qū)。因此,如何科學(xué)合理、及時(shí)有效地處置農(nóng)村突發(fā)公共衛(wèi)生事件,最大限度地減少突發(fā)公共衛(wèi)生事件帶給我們的危害已經(jīng)成為農(nóng)村應(yīng)急工作面臨的重要課題和嚴(yán)峻挑戰(zhàn)。農(nóng)村突發(fā)公共衛(wèi)生事件易發(fā)、難測(cè)、容易反復(fù)。經(jīng)過長(zhǎng)期的理論和實(shí)踐探索,我國(guó)農(nóng)村突發(fā)公共衛(wèi)生事件應(yīng)急管理工作取得了明顯進(jìn)展和積極成效。目前,我國(guó)絕大部分地區(qū)的基層單位應(yīng)急管理組織框架已基本建成、應(yīng)急預(yù)案較為規(guī)范明確、且相關(guān)法律法規(guī)也已施行。但農(nóng)村地區(qū)突發(fā)公共衛(wèi)生事件應(yīng)急管理工作也暴露出不少問題,較為突出的表現(xiàn)有農(nóng)村地區(qū)應(yīng)急機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)置不夠完善、應(yīng)急處置不夠規(guī)范、醫(yī)療條件比較簡(jiǎn)陋、保障政策設(shè)置不夠具體等,嚴(yán)重影響到應(yīng)對(duì)突發(fā)公共衛(wèi)生事件的工作成效。究其成因,主要有農(nóng)村客觀條件制約、風(fēng)險(xiǎn)意識(shí)比較低、資源配置不合理等。本文在理論分析和實(shí)證研究的基礎(chǔ)上,從我國(guó)農(nóng)村突發(fā)公共衛(wèi)生事件應(yīng)急管理的實(shí)際出發(fā),認(rèn)為在今后很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間內(nèi),我國(guó)加強(qiáng)農(nóng)村地區(qū)突發(fā)公共衛(wèi)生事件應(yīng)急管理工作應(yīng)著重從五個(gè)方面著手:一是強(qiáng)化農(nóng)村應(yīng)急管理理念,重點(diǎn)是要注重轉(zhuǎn)變基層政府的職能觀、改善基層領(lǐng)導(dǎo)干部的政績(jī)觀并努力提高農(nóng)村居民的應(yīng)急意識(shí);二是優(yōu)化縣、鄉(xiāng)、村應(yīng)急處置體系,重點(diǎn)是強(qiáng)化縣級(jí)政府處置的主體責(zé)任、完善縣鄉(xiāng)村縱向聯(lián)動(dòng)、加強(qiáng)應(yīng)急職能機(jī)構(gòu)的橫向聯(lián)系;三是加強(qiáng)農(nóng)村應(yīng)急隊(duì)伍建設(shè),重點(diǎn)是培育衛(wèi)生人才、管理人才,并培育出農(nóng)村應(yīng)急社會(huì)組織來(lái)對(duì)政府工作進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充;四是夯實(shí)農(nóng)村應(yīng)急物資保障,重點(diǎn)是加大對(duì)農(nóng)村衛(wèi)生方面的專項(xiàng)資金投入及管理、增加監(jiān)測(cè)處置設(shè)備的配置及對(duì)應(yīng)急品的儲(chǔ)備做到綜合管理;五是完善等農(nóng)村應(yīng)急制度保障,重點(diǎn)是要科學(xué)制定各項(xiàng)預(yù)案、及時(shí)修訂各項(xiàng)相關(guān)法律法規(guī)、建立嚴(yán)格問責(zé)制度等。論文的主要?jiǎng)?chuàng)新之處體現(xiàn)在:立足我國(guó)農(nóng)村的現(xiàn)實(shí)情況,研究突發(fā)公共衛(wèi)生事件應(yīng)急管理具有一定的創(chuàng)新性,為我國(guó)政府應(yīng)急管理研究提供了一個(gè)新的視角,拓寬了研究視野。
[Abstract]:In recent more than 10 years, SARS, avian influenza, swine flu, H1N1, hand foot and mouth disease, Ebola, Sanlu milk powder, etc. have caused serious harm to the safety of public life and property. Limited by many factors such as medical health, social security, and other public health incidents such as infectious diseases and food poisoning, rural areas are already Therefore, it has become an important task and a severe challenge for rural emergency work to deal with emergency public health incidents in a timely and effective way and reduce the hazards brought to us in the rural areas. It is easy to repeat. After a long period of theory and practice, the emergency management of rural public health emergencies in China has made obvious progress and positive results. At present, the organizational framework for emergency management of grass-roots units in most areas of our country has been basically completed, and the emergency plan is more regular, and the relevant laws and regulations have been implemented. The emergency management of public health incidents in the village area also exposed a lot of problems. The outstanding performance is that the emergency institutions in the rural areas are not perfect, the emergency disposal is not standardized, the medical conditions are relatively simple and the policy setting is not specific, which seriously affects the effectiveness of the emergency public health events. In this paper, on the basis of theoretical analysis and empirical research, this paper, based on the theoretical analysis and empirical research, from the reality of emergency management of rural public health emergencies in China, believes that the emergency management of public health emergencies in rural areas is strengthened for a long time in the future. The work should focus on five aspects: first, strengthening the concept of rural emergency management, focusing on changing the function view of the grass-roots government, improving the performance view of the grass-roots cadres and improving the consciousness of rural residents' emergency. The two is to optimize the county, township and village emergency disposal system, and the emphasis is to strengthen the main responsibility of the county-level government and improve the main responsibility of the county government. County and rural vertical linkage, strengthen the lateral linkage of emergency functional organizations, three is to strengthen the construction of rural emergency team, the emphasis is to cultivate health personnel, management personnel, and cultivate rural emergency social organizations to supplement the government work; four is to consolidate the rural emergency material security, the focus is to increase the specific funds for rural health investment. Entering and managing, increasing the configuration of monitoring and disposing equipment and the comprehensive management of the reserve of emergency products; five is to improve the guarantee of rural emergency system, the emphasis is to make scientific plans, revise relevant laws and regulations in time, and establish strict accountability system. The main innovation of this paper is based on the reality of rural areas in China. The study of emergency management of public health emergencies has a certain innovation, which provides a new perspective for the study of government emergency management in China and broadens the research field of vision.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湘潭大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：D63

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本文編號(hào)：2043398