本文選題：慈善組織 + 社會(huì)治理�。� 參考：《東北財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：當(dāng)前,我國(guó)處于加速向現(xiàn)代公民社會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)型的關(guān)鍵期,加之我國(guó)自然災(zāi)害頻發(fā),社會(huì)矛盾、社會(huì)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)加劇,需要不斷創(chuàng)新社會(huì)治理形式,提高社會(huì)活力,尤其是大力發(fā)揚(yáng)慈善組織等社會(huì)組織的活力與功效,這對(duì)于維護(hù)社會(huì)正義、維持社會(huì)穩(wěn)定、加強(qiáng)社會(huì)治理、平衡社會(huì)資源起著舉足輕重的作用。但是由于我國(guó)特殊的國(guó)情和慈善組織發(fā)展的特殊過(guò)程,我國(guó)慈善組織發(fā)展相對(duì)滯后,尤其是普遍缺乏自治性,這不僅不能滿足民眾對(duì)慈善組織的期望,單從慈善組織自身的發(fā)展來(lái)說(shuō),自治性的欠缺嚴(yán)重壓制了其健康發(fā)展的勢(shì)頭。因此,增強(qiáng)我國(guó)的慈善組織自治性,一直以來(lái)就是學(xué)術(shù)界和社會(huì)各界關(guān)注的重點(diǎn)。基于此,本文圍繞慈善組織自治性這個(gè)核心展開研究,從歷史與現(xiàn)實(shí)、理論與實(shí)踐、國(guó)內(nèi)與國(guó)外等多角度、多層面展開分析和研究,以期探索增強(qiáng)我國(guó)慈善組織自治性的實(shí)現(xiàn)路徑。 具體而言,本論文主要分五個(gè)部分： 第一部分緒論部分主要介紹了論文的研究背景、選題意義、國(guó)內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀以及研究方法,本文主要通過(guò)案例研究和比較研究相結(jié)合、規(guī)范研究與實(shí)證研究相結(jié)合的方法。 第二部分則從理論上梳理了分析慈善組織及其自治性的相關(guān)概念和理論基礎(chǔ),由于慈善組織作為一種社會(huì)組織,其關(guān)系到國(guó)家與社會(huì)、政府與市場(chǎng)、個(gè)人與集體的關(guān)系,因此本文著重從公民社會(huì)理論、治理理論、社會(huì)資本理論等相關(guān)理論來(lái)分析慈善組織自治性的表現(xiàn)及特征。 第三部分是本文重點(diǎn)。首先,通過(guò)總結(jié)我國(guó)慈善組織從封建時(shí)代發(fā)展到現(xiàn)代的自治性狀況,得出了我國(guó)慈善組織目前自治性不足的原因具有歷史性,內(nèi)部原因是慈善組織內(nèi)部無(wú)自治意識(shí),外部原因?yàn)楣姷拇壬朴^念及社會(huì)環(huán)境、政治環(huán)境所致。其次,通過(guò)對(duì)T市紅十字會(huì)及T市慈善總會(huì)的捐款模式、人員配備、財(cái)務(wù)流程、自我監(jiān)督等方面進(jìn)行實(shí)證研究,得出現(xiàn)階段我國(guó)慈善組織在自治性方面主要存在三個(gè)問(wèn)題：監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)沒(méi)有發(fā)揮其應(yīng)該發(fā)揮的監(jiān)管作用；內(nèi)部控制機(jī)制嚴(yán)重缺失,沒(méi)有相應(yīng)的機(jī)制和準(zhǔn)則；自治意識(shí)淡薄,慈善組織缺乏自主走向自治的動(dòng)力。而造成中國(guó)慈善組織的自治性困境原因則是我國(guó)在慈善事業(yè)方面并沒(méi)有完整、成熟的法律體系,慈善組織行政化傾向嚴(yán)重,工作人員慈善專業(yè)素養(yǎng)較低等。最后,則從當(dāng)前社會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)型和社會(huì)有效治理角度認(rèn)為,中國(guó)慈善組織發(fā)展有著強(qiáng)烈的自治性訴求,并且走向自治道路也是其必由之路。 第四部分則通過(guò)閱讀文獻(xiàn)研究英國(guó)、美國(guó)、香港等發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家和地區(qū)慈善組織自治性狀況和特點(diǎn),認(rèn)為：雖然由于經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)境、文化環(huán)境的不同,慈善組織的發(fā)展條件各異,但都具有一些共同的特點(diǎn),如法律與制度的科學(xué)安排、多元化監(jiān)督形式、激勵(lì)機(jī)制、統(tǒng)一的行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)等,我國(guó)的慈善組織不僅可以參考其模式,還可以借鑒其經(jīng)驗(yàn)發(fā)展自己。 第五部分就針對(duì)當(dāng)前我國(guó)慈善組織的問(wèn)題,在借鑒國(guó)際先進(jìn)經(jīng)驗(yàn)的基礎(chǔ)上,從三個(gè)層面來(lái)探索重構(gòu)中國(guó)慈善組織自治性機(jī)制路徑：一是宏觀層面上,通過(guò)完善監(jiān)管法律制度、理清監(jiān)管權(quán)責(zé)問(wèn)題、培育公民監(jiān)管意識(shí)從而建構(gòu)中國(guó)慈善組織監(jiān)管機(jī)制；二是中觀的政府層面上,要改變政府管理慈善組織的制度,應(yīng)努力去除慈善組織的“行政化”色彩,轉(zhuǎn)變政府職能,由控制型行政管理走向培育服務(wù)型監(jiān)管,實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)慈善組織由政府主導(dǎo)轉(zhuǎn)向政府指導(dǎo)；三是從慈善組織內(nèi)部構(gòu)建的微觀層面來(lái)說(shuō),慈善組織內(nèi)部要通過(guò)樹立自我治理意識(shí)、行業(yè)自律評(píng)級(jí)準(zhǔn)則、信息披露制度以及加強(qiáng)理事來(lái)源多元化、強(qiáng)化監(jiān)事職責(zé)等方面來(lái)增強(qiáng)慈善組織的自治性。
[Abstract]:At present, our country is at the key period of accelerating the transformation of modern civil society. In addition, the frequent natural disasters, social contradictions and social risks are increasing in our country. We need to innovate the form of social governance and improve the social vitality, especially to promote the vitality and efficiency of social organizations such as charitable organizations, which is to maintain social justice and maintain social stability. Strengthening social governance and balancing social resources play an important role. However, due to the special national conditions and special process of the development of charitable organizations in China, the development of charitable organizations in our country is lagging behind, especially the lack of autonomy, which can not meet the expectations of the people for charitable organizations. The lack of governance has seriously suppressed the momentum of its healthy development. Therefore, strengthening the autonomy of our charitable organizations has always been the focus of the academic and social circles. Based on this, this paper focuses on the core of the autonomy of charitable organizations, from the history and reality, theory and practice, domestic and foreign, and many aspects. The purpose of this study is to explore ways to enhance the autonomy of charitable organizations in China.
Specifically, this thesis is divided into five parts:
The first part of the introduction mainly introduces the research background of the thesis, the significance of the topic, the current research situation at home and abroad, and the research methods. This article mainly combines case study and comparative research, and combines normative research and empirical research.
The second part analyzes the related concepts and theoretical foundations of charitable organizations and their autonomy in theory. As a kind of social organization, charitable organizations are related to the relationship between state and society, government and market, individual and collective, so this article focuses on the theory of civil society, governance theory, social capital theory and other related theories. To analyze the performance and characteristics of the autonomy of charitable organizations.
The third part is the focus of this article. First, by summarizing the self-government status of our charitable organizations from the feudal era to the modern, the reasons for the lack of autonomy of our charitable organizations are historical, the internal reasons are the non self-government consciousness within the charitable organizations, and the external reasons are due to the public's philanthropy concept and social environment, and the political ring. Secondly, through the empirical research on the donation mode, staffing, financial process and self supervision of the Red Cross Society of T city and the charitable Association of T City, there are three main problems in the autonomy of China's charitable organizations: the regulatory agency does not play the regulatory role it should play; the internal control mechanism is strict. There is no corresponding mechanism and criterion for the lack of autonomy; the consciousness of autonomy is weak and the charitable organizations lack the motive force of autonomy. The cause of the autonomy predicament of Chinese charitable organizations is that there is no complete and mature legal system in our charitable organizations, the political tendency of charitable organizations is serious, and the professional accomplishment of the staff is better than that of the charitable organizations. In the end, from the perspective of social transformation and social effective governance, the development of Chinese charitable organizations has a strong autonomy demand, and it is also the only way to the road of autonomy.
The fourth part, through reading literature, studies the status and characteristics of the autonomy of charitable organizations in the developed countries and regions such as the United Kingdom, the United States and the Hongkong. It is believed that, although the economic environment, the cultural environment are different and the conditions of the development of charitable organizations are different, they all have some common characteristics, such as the scientific arrangement of law and system and the form of diversified supervision. Incentive mechanism and unified industry standard, our charitable organizations can not only refer to their models, but also learn from their experience and develop themselves.
The fifth part, in view of the current problems of our country's charitable organizations, explores and reconstructs the autonomy mechanism path of Chinese charitable organizations from three levels on the basis of the advanced international experience: first, on the macro level, by perfecting the regulatory legal system, clearing the issue of supervision and responsibility, cultivating the consciousness of civil supervision and thus constructing the Chinese charitable organization. Supervision mechanism; two, at the middle level of the government, to change the system of the government to manage charitable organizations, we should try to remove the "administrative" color of the charitable organization, change the government function, move from the control administration to the cultivation of the service regulation, realize the diversion of the charitable organization from the government guidance to the government guidance; and the three is from the internal structure of the charitable organization. At the micro level of construction, the charitable organization should strengthen the autonomy of charitable organizations by establishing self governance consciousness, industry self-discipline rating criteria, information disclosure system and strengthening the pluralism of the director's source and strengthening the duty of the supervisors.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：D632.9

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