本文選題：治理現(xiàn)代化 + 社會治理　； 參考：《山東大學》2015年博士論文

【摘要】：本論文基于治理現(xiàn)代化視角,在梳理中西方治理理論及治理經(jīng)驗的基礎上,選取廣東順德、浙江寧波和山東新泰社會治理模式創(chuàng)新為研究對象,運用實證研究方法,深入探討三種社會治理模式創(chuàng)新的特點和價值,就當前和今后一個時期如何加強和創(chuàng)新中國社會治理工作的理論與實踐問題提出自己的觀點。導論主要介紹了選題的背景：當前從中央到地方都高度重視社會治理創(chuàng)新,并從理論和實踐上作了很多有益的探索。新形勢下,中國社會由“管理”到“治理”轉(zhuǎn)變遇到一系列困難和問題,要求我們用創(chuàng)新的思維和手段加強這方面的工作,積極維護社會和諧穩(wěn)定,推動經(jīng)濟社會科學發(fā)展；接下來分析了本文的理論和實踐意義；最后介紹了以實證為主、多種手段相結合的研究方法,指出了本論文研究的創(chuàng)新與不足之處。第一章對治理現(xiàn)代化作為中國治理模式創(chuàng)新的理論研究框架進行了分析,首先對治理、社會治理、社會治理模式等核心概念進行了辨析和界定；其次對治理現(xiàn)代化即國家治理體系現(xiàn)代化和治理能力現(xiàn)代化的涵義進行了闡釋,并梳理了國家治理體系和國家治理能力二者之間的關系；最后著重分析了治理現(xiàn)代化對社會治理模式創(chuàng)新的指導意義。第二章分析了本論文的理論基礎,首先闡述了馬克思主義經(jīng)典作家社會治理的思想,繼而研究了中國社會主義建設時期毛澤東社會治理的思想和中國特色社會主義理論的社會治理思想；其次從三個方面展開分析了治理理論的興起和發(fā)展,其一是西方治理理論的興起與應用,其二是通過對中西差異的分析,明確治理理論在中國發(fā)展的困境,其三是分析如何立足于當代中國實踐的基礎之上,以西方國家治理經(jīng)驗的“他山之石”,攻中國社會治理模式創(chuàng)新之“玉”；最后回顧了中國古代社會治理的思想和實踐,挖掘出其中蘊含的現(xiàn)代治理價值。第三章研究了新中國成立以來我國社會管理與社會治理的發(fā)展軌跡。本章在社會主義的體制框架下分析中華人民共和國成立至今在社會管理和社會治理領域里的制度變遷,闡述了新中國社會管理和社會治理體制和實踐的發(fā)展歷程,分析當前社會管理和社會治理發(fā)展中面臨的問題及其原因。本章把新中國成立以來60年的社會管理和社會治理的發(fā)展分為五個階段：第一階段是從1949年到1957年,從新中國成立初期到實施對“舊社會”的改造和開始“新社會”的建設,社會管理方面的主要任務是穩(wěn)定和鞏固政權；第二階段是1958年到1977年,在這一階段,中國建立起一整套和指令性計劃經(jīng)濟體制相匹配的社會管理制度,初步建立起社會主義的社會管理體系,其特點是指令性計劃體制下的社會管理一律由政府來配置資源,社會就是政府的“下級”；第三階段是1978年到1992年,這是中國改革開放的初期,計劃經(jīng)濟體制遺留下來的行政化社會管理方式開始面臨越來越大的挑戰(zhàn),社會管理明顯處于不適應和調(diào)整摸索的過程之中；第四階段是1993年到2002年,1992年召開的黨的十四大確立了建立社會主義市場經(jīng)濟體制的改革目標,影響了社會管理體制的轉(zhuǎn)型,政府再分配職能弱化,出現(xiàn)了社會管理制度建設滯后于社會經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的現(xiàn)象；第五階段是2003年至今,隨著社會主義市場經(jīng)濟體制的基本確立和不斷完善,中國的社會管理和社會治理進入了新的發(fā)展階段,改革深化到社會管理領域,社會差別和社會公平性問題日益突出,一個黨、政、企業(yè)、社會組織和公民個人共同參與社會治理的新體制正在建立之中。第四章以廣東順德、浙江寧波和山東新泰社會治理創(chuàng)新試點工作為研究對象,闡述了社會治理創(chuàng)新的背景、指導思想和目標,分析了社會治理工作取得的階段性成效和存在的問題。廣東順德通過“大部制改革”、“簡政強鎮(zhèn)”的事權改革和行政審批制度改革,形成了“確權規(guī)權”的地方社會治理模式,其實質(zhì)是治理結構的有限重構,其歷史定位在于它是“產(chǎn)權改革”與“政權改革”之間的中介,其實踐意義不僅在于為順德實現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟社會轉(zhuǎn)型破除了體制性障礙,更重要的是為全國深化改革提供了示范樣本,探索了一條從“產(chǎn)權改革”到“治權改革”的改革路線。浙江寧波作為我國市場經(jīng)濟的先發(fā)地區(qū)和對外開放的前沿地區(qū),經(jīng)過多年努力,在社會治理領域開創(chuàng)出了獨具特色的以81890公共信息服務平臺為典型的“政府搭臺、市場運作、社會參與”的“政民互動”的地方社會治理模式,即政府負擔81890公共平臺的運營成本,搭建服務載體,負責公共服務的規(guī)劃、組織、協(xié)調(diào)和監(jiān)管,無償為市民、企業(yè)提供全方位、全天候、全程式的服務；而加盟企業(yè)、志愿者、非營利機構與政府機構等則負責服務供給。顯示出寧波市逐漸突破傳統(tǒng)的管理理念,形成了以需求和問題為導向,以社會多元參與為特征的社會治理理念,開辟了社會治理的新視野,為社會治理增添了理性的份量。山東新泰市逐步摸索創(chuàng)造出政府和社會組織攜手的“合作共治”的地方社會治理模式,成立新泰市社會管理服務中心,以社區(qū)網(wǎng)格化管理為支撐,體制內(nèi)實行綜治部門一體化辦公,體制外依托平安協(xié)會協(xié)同社會力量,建立起“三互九聯(lián)”工作機制,形成黨委領導下的政府管理服務與社會組織自我管理服務良性互動新格局,促進社會的良性治理和平安和諧發(fā)展。以上三個地區(qū)社會治理模式創(chuàng)新的案例反映了當前中國社會治理模式創(chuàng)新的五個特點,即社會治理的主體由“一元”向“多元”轉(zhuǎn)變；社會治理的向度由“單向”向“互動”轉(zhuǎn)變;社會治理的本質(zhì)由“集權”向“分權”轉(zhuǎn)變；社會治理的觀念由“傳統(tǒng)”向“現(xiàn)代”轉(zhuǎn)變；社會治理的方式由“人治”向“法治”轉(zhuǎn)變。第五章分析了美國、新加坡、英國和中國香港等國家和地區(qū)的社會治理的實踐及其對中國的啟示,其中美國社會治理的特點是在政府流程再造的基礎上,積極培育社會中介組織,充分發(fā)揮社會的參與力量,激發(fā)全民的參與熱情,形成一種政府、社會和公民互動的政社關系；新加坡的社會治理注重以人為本,遵照嚴格的法律規(guī)章,打造廉潔高效的服務型政府,通過搭建現(xiàn)代化的電子政務平臺,實現(xiàn)無縫隙的社會治理；以英國為代表的西歐國家,通過政府內(nèi)部的多次改革,逐步實現(xiàn)分權和權力下放,充分調(diào)動地方政府、社會企業(yè)、非營利組織和公民的積極性,激發(fā)市場活力,形成了社會治理中的主體多元化；而中國的香港地區(qū)自回歸以來,在社會治理中改變傳統(tǒng)的政府主導地位,轉(zhuǎn)為社會本位,將政府職能限定在為社會服務上,提倡以市場為主導,以顧客為導向,堅持讓公眾滿意為宗旨的原則,引導社會組織參與社會治理,共同建立“小政府、大社會、大市場”的治理模式。因此,借鑒西方國家治理經(jīng)驗,推進我國社會治理模式創(chuàng)新,提高各級政府管理社會的能力和水平,具有十分重要意義。第六章在案例的研究基礎上,推衍出具有一定普遍意義的加強和創(chuàng)新中國社會治理的路徑選擇,即以治理體系多元和治理能力提升為目標訴求,用法治思維和服務理念謀求良治,建設公開透明回應性的責任政府,由政府管制向多元合作共治轉(zhuǎn)變,重塑基層權力結構增強社會自治能力,實現(xiàn)被動服務向主動規(guī)范服務轉(zhuǎn)變,以客戶為中心再造社會治理流程。
[Abstract]:Based on the perspective of governance modernization, this paper, on the basis of combing Chinese and western governance theory and governance experience, selects the innovation of social governance model in Shunde, Zhejiang, Ningbo and Xintai of Shandong as the research object, and uses empirical research methods to explore the new characteristics and values of the three social governance models, with regard to the present and the future period. How to strengthen and innovate the theory and practice of Chinese social governance is put forward. Introduction mainly introduces the background of the topic: at present, we attach great importance to the innovation of social governance from the central to the local, and make a lot of beneficial exploration in theory and practice. Under the new situation, the Chinese society is from "management" to "governance". It meets a series of difficulties and problems, and requires us to strengthen the work in this field with innovative thinking and means, actively maintain social harmony and stability, and promote the development of economic and social science. Then it analyzes the theoretical and practical significance of this article. Finally, it introduces the research method based on empirical and multiple means, and points out this paper. The first chapter analyzes the theoretical research framework of governance modernization as the innovation of China's governance model. First, it analyzes and defines the core concepts of governance, social governance and social governance mode, and secondly, the culvert for modernization of governance system and the modernization of governance capacity. The meaning is explained, and the relationship between the state governance system and the two parties of the state governance ability is combed. Finally, the guiding significance of the governance modernization to the innovation of the social governance model is emphatically analyzed. The second chapter analyses the theoretical basis of this thesis, and first expounds the thought of the social governance of the Marx doctrine writers, and then studies the theory. In the period of socialist construction in China, the thought of Mao Zedong's social governance and the social governance thought of the theory of socialism with Chinese characteristics; secondly, the rise and development of the governance theory are analyzed from three aspects. One is the rise and application of the western governance theory, and the other is the analysis of the differences between China and the West and the definition of the governance theory in China. The plight of the exhibition is to analyze the "stone" based on the practice of contemporary China and the "stone of other mountains" in the western countries' governance experience to attack the "jade" of the Chinese social governance model. Finally, it reviews the thought and practice of Chinese ancient social governance and excavates the value of modern governance. The third chapter studies the new middle school. In the framework of socialist system, this chapter analyses the institutional changes in the field of social management and social governance in People's Republic of China, expounds the development process of the social management and social governance system and practice in the new China, and analyzes the current social management in the framework of the socialist system. This chapter divides the social management and social governance in 60 years since the founding of new China into five stages: the first stage is from 1949 to 1957, from the beginning of the founding of the new China to the implementation of the transformation of the "old society" and the construction of the "new society", and the social management. The main task is to stabilize and consolidate the political power; the second stage is from 1958 to 1977. At this stage, China has established a complete set of social management systems that match the mandatory planned economic system, and initially established a socialist social management system. Its characteristic is that the social management under the commanding plan is configured by the government. Resources, the society is the "lower level" of the government; the third stage is from 1978 to 1992. This is the initial stage of China's reform and opening up. The administrative mode of administrative social management left by the planned economic system is facing more and more challenges. The social management is obviously in the process of not adapting and adjusting. The fourth stage is from 1993 to 2002. In 1992, the party's Fourteenth Congress established the goal of establishing a socialist market economic system, affecting the transformation of the social management system, the weakening of the government's redistribution function and the phenomenon of social management system construction lagging behind the social and economic development; the fifth stage was the socialist market economy system from 2003 to the present. The basic establishment and continuous improvement of China's social management and social governance have entered a new stage of development, and the reform has been deepened into the field of social management. The problems of social and social equity are becoming increasingly prominent. A new system of party, government, enterprise, social organization and individual participation in social governance is being established. The fourth chapter is in Guangdong. Shunde, Zhejiang Ningbo and Shandong Xintai social governance innovation pilot work as the research object, elaborated the social governance innovation background, guiding ideology and goal, analyzed the social governance work achieved the stage effect and the existing problems. Guangdong Shunde through the "major system reform", "simple government strong town" the power reform and administrative examination and approval The reform of the system has formed the local social governance model of "the right and the rule". Its essence is the limited reconfiguration of the governance structure. Its historical position is that it is the intermediary between "property rights reform" and "political reform". Its practical significance is not only to break the institutional barriers for the economic and social transformation of Shunde, but also to the whole country. The deepening of the reform has provided a demonstration sample and explored a reform route from "property right reform" to "governance reform". As a leading area of China's market economy and the frontier of opening to the outside world, Zhejiang Ningbo has created a unique feature of the 81890 public information service platform in the field of social governance after years of efforts. The "government platform, market operation, social participation" in the "political and people interaction" local social governance model, that is, the government burden 81890 public platform operating costs, build service carriers, responsible for public service planning, organization, coordination and supervision, free of charge for the public, enterprises all round, all weather, the whole program service; and join the enterprise, Volunteers, non-profit organizations and government institutions are responsible for the service supply. It shows that the city of Ningbo has gradually broken through the traditional management concept, forming a social governance concept characterized by demand and problems and social pluralism, which has opened up a new vision of social governance and added rational weight to social governance. Xintai City of Shandong is a city. Step by step creates a local social governance model of "cooperation and co governance" between the government and the social organization, and establishes the social management service center of Xintai, which is supported by the community grid management. The system implements the integrated administration of the comprehensive governance department in the system, and the system is supported by the peace association and the society. The "three mutually nine joint" work mechanism is established. The new pattern of benign interaction between government management service and social organization self management service under the leadership of the Party committee, promoting the benign governance of the society and the peaceful and harmonious development of the society. The case of the innovation of the social governance model in the three regions reflects the five characteristics of the innovation of the current Chinese social governance mode, namely the main body of the social governance is "one yuan" The orientation of social governance changes from "one-way" to "interaction", the essence of social governance changes from "centralization" to "decentralization", and the concept of social governance changes from "traditional" to "modern", and the way of social governance is transformed from "rule of man" to "rule of law". The fifth chapter analyses the United States, Singapore, and Britain. The practice of social governance in countries and regions, such as Hongkong and China, and Its Enlightenment to China, among which the characteristics of American social governance are to cultivate social intermediary organizations actively on the basis of government process reengineering, give full play to the participation of the society, stimulate the enthusiasm of the people, and form a government, social and citizen interaction. The social governance of Singapore pays attention to the people-oriented, according to the strict laws and regulations, to build a clean and efficient service government, through the construction of a modern e-government platform to achieve seamless social governance; the Western European countries represented by the UK, through many reforms within the government, gradually realize decentralization and decentralization. The initiative of local governments, social enterprises, non-profit organizations and citizens has been mobilized to stimulate the vitality of the market and form the main diversity in the social governance. Since the Hongkong region of China has changed the traditional government leading position in the social governance since the return of the society, the government's function is limited to social services, and the government is advocated to serve the society. Market oriented, customer oriented, adhere to the principle of public satisfaction, guide social organizations to participate in social governance, and jointly establish "small government, big society, big market" governance model. Therefore, draw lessons from western national governance experience, promote the innovation of social governance model in China, and improve the ability and level of government management at all levels, The sixth chapter is of great significance. On the basis of the case study, the author pushes out the path choice of strengthening and innovating the social governance of China with a certain universal significance, that is, the objective demands of the pluralism of the governance system and the improvement of the governance ability, the use of the thinking and service concept of the governance and the construction of a transparent and transparent responsiveness of the responsible government. The government control changes to multi cooperation and co governance, reshaping the basic power structure to enhance the ability of social autonomy, transforming the passive service into the active standard of service, and reconstructing the social governance process with the customer centered.

【學位授予單位】：山東大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：D630
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本文編號：1846510