本文選題：社會權保障 + 經(jīng)濟發(fā)展��； 參考：《東南大學》2017年博士論文

【摘要】：《尚書·五子之歌》:“民惟邦本,本固邦寧�！北Ｕ厦裆侨祟惿鐣篮愕闹黝}。社會權是民生在法學領域的集中表達,它揭示了民生之歸屬在于社會權保障的實現(xiàn)。社會權保障不僅是發(fā)展的目的,也是發(fā)展的手段。社會權保障的目的性價值已得到廣泛關注與認同,許多國際公約將社會權作為公民的一項基本權利,國家負有尊重、保護和給付的義務。但是,對社會權保障的工具性價值,即發(fā)展的手段,則關注較少。在定程度上,社會權保障與經(jīng)濟發(fā)展之間存在資源爭奪問題,然而從長期看,一方面,社會權保障為經(jīng)濟發(fā)展提供良好環(huán)境;另一方面,通過人力資本這個紐帶,社會權保障為經(jīng)濟發(fā)展提供內(nèi)生動力。社會權保障與經(jīng)濟發(fā)展之間存在互促關系,隨著經(jīng)濟發(fā)展水平的提高,社會權呈螺旋上升態(tài)勢,不斷得到優(yōu)化和實現(xiàn)�！督�(jīng)濟、社會和文化權利國際公約》要求各締約國盡最大努力,用一切適當方法,促進社會權保障逐漸達到“充分狀態(tài)”。但并沒有對“充分狀態(tài)”給予說明,國家的社會權保障和給付義務達到什么程度才合適?這成為爭議的焦點。社會權保障的“充分狀態(tài)”具有國別性和階段性,正如馬克思所指出的:“權利的發(fā)展具有階段性,經(jīng)濟結構和文化發(fā)展是權利發(fā)展的基礎,權利的發(fā)展需要與之相匹配,不能超越經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展的階段�！北疚恼J為,社會權保障與經(jīng)濟發(fā)展水平相匹配的均衡狀態(tài)就是“充分狀態(tài)”,在特定時點,社會權保障具有最優(yōu)的給付標準;在具體階段,具有可行的給付區(qū)間。通過構建以社會權保障為主要變量的經(jīng)濟增長模型,選擇我國1978-2014年相關數(shù)據(jù)展開實證研究,結論表明社會權保障支出構成中的受教育權保障、健康權保障和社會保障權保障均與經(jīng)濟增長正相關,每增加一個百分點,可以促進GDP的相應增長,其中受教育權保障支出的增長效應最強,并且三者占公共支出的比重分別為33%、25%和20%時,人均GDP達到最大化,即實現(xiàn)最大的經(jīng)濟增長效率。目前的社會權保障支出結構與最優(yōu)比例的差距較大。當前,雖然我國社會權保障總體呈增強態(tài)勢,但仍與經(jīng)濟發(fā)展不匹配,經(jīng)濟發(fā)展水平明顯高于社會權保障水平。這主要是長期以來我國社會權保障的政府“單中心”給付所造成:第一,在資源稀缺條件下,政府將有限資源投入經(jīng)濟發(fā)展;第二,社會權保障制度欠缺,政府、公民、社會組織的溝通協(xié)調(diào)機制不健全;第三,非政府組織發(fā)育不成熟,沒有足夠的公信力和能力;第四,公民缺乏權利的意識和能力。 ·社會權保障需要構建一個全面系統(tǒng)、相互制衡的合力模型,以實現(xiàn)從政府的“單中心”給付走向政府、非政府組織和公民的“多中心”協(xié)同治理。各參與方通過長期、多次博弈,達成動態(tài)的合作均衡,引致社會權保障制度變遷,推動社會權保障呈現(xiàn)螺旋式上升態(tài)勢。這個過程雖然較難完全達到帕累托最優(yōu),但仍是卡爾多-�？怂故礁倪M。近年來,我國越來越重視以人為本的協(xié)調(diào)共享發(fā)展,“兩個一百年”的發(fā)展目標描繪了全面建成小康社會、加快推進社會主義現(xiàn)代化的宏偉藍圖。從目前情況看,社會權保障是明顯的短板。我們要樹立以社會權保障為基礎的發(fā)展觀,按照與經(jīng)濟發(fā)展相匹配的思路,探索建立3大類17項指標體系,開展實時監(jiān)測和評估,推動社會權保障的參與方,尤其是政府改善結構性不足、優(yōu)化公共資源配置、適時完善法律和政策,以促進社會權保障達到“充分狀態(tài)”。
[Abstract]:"The song of Shang Shu five son": "people only bond, Ben bond." safeguarding the people's livelihood is the eternal theme of the human society. The social right is the concentrated expression of the people's livelihood in the field of law. It reveals that the livelihood of the people is the realization of the social rights protection. The social rights guarantee is not only the purpose of development but also the means of development. Values have received wide attention and recognition, and many international conventions take social rights as a basic right of citizens, and the state bears the obligation to respect, protect and pay. However, there is less attention to the instrumental value of social rights protection, that is, the means of development, and to a certain extent, there is a problem of resource contention between social security and economic development, However, on the one hand, on the one hand, social rights guarantee provides a good environment for economic development; on the other hand, through the link of human capital, social rights guarantee provides endogenous impetus to economic development. There is mutual promotion relationship between social rights protection and economic development. With the improvement of economic development level, social rights are spiralling up and constantly rising. The International Covenant on economic, social and cultural rights requires that the States parties to the International Covenant on economic, social and cultural rights require the States parties to do their utmost to promote the gradual "full state" of social rights protection by all appropriate methods. But to the extent to which "sufficient state" is not given, to what extent can the state's social rights and payment obligations be appropriate? This is a dispute. The "full state" of the protection of social rights is of national and stage nature. As Marx points out, "the development of rights is phased, economic structure and cultural development are the basis of the development of rights. The development of rights needs to be matched with the development of the economic society." this article believes that social rights guarantee. The equilibrium state that matches the economic development level is the "full state". At specific time points, the social rights guarantee has the best payment standard; in the specific stage, it has the feasible payment interval. Through the construction of the economic growth model with the social rights as the main variable, the 1978-2014 year related data in China are selected and the empirical research is carried out. On the basis of the guarantee of the right to education in the social rights security expenditure, the health rights and the social security rights are all positively related to the economic growth. Each increase of one percentage point can promote the corresponding growth of GDP, among which the growth effect of the education right security expenditure is the strongest, and the proportion of the three public expenditure is 33%, 25% and 20%, respectively. The per capita GDP is maximized, that is, to achieve maximum economic growth efficiency. The gap between the structure of social rights protection expenditure and the optimal proportion is large. At present, although the social rights guarantee in China is generally enhanced, it still does not match the economic development, and the level of economic development is obviously higher than the level of social rights protection. This is mainly in China for a long time. The government "single center" payment of social rights guarantee: first, under the condition of scarce resources, the government will put limited resources into economic development; second, the lack of social rights guarantee system, the imperfect communication and coordination mechanism of government, citizens and social organizations; third, the development of non-governmental organizations is not mature, there is not enough credibility and ability; fourth, Citizens lack the consciousness and ability of lack of rights. Social rights guarantee needs to build a comprehensive system and a balance model to realize the "single center" payment from the government to the government, the non-governmental organizations and the "multi center" governance of the citizens. The changes in the system of the right to safeguard the rights of the society and promote the spiral of social rights. Although it is difficult to achieve the best of Pareto, this process is still an improvement of Kaldor Hicks. In recent years, our country has paid more and more attention to the coordinated and shared development of people based. The development goal of "two one hundred years" has depicted a well-off society in an all-round way, From the present situation, the social rights guarantee is a clear short board. We should set up a concept of development based on social rights protection, explore and establish 3 categories of 17 index systems, carry out real-time monitoring and evaluation, and promote the participation of social rights protection. It is to improve the structural deficiencies of the government, optimize the allocation of public resources, and perfect laws and policies in a timely manner, so as to promote social rights protection to achieve "full state".

【學位授予單位】：東南大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D632.1

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