本文關(guān)鍵詞： 交通政策 公眾參與 程序 擁堵收費　出處：《北京交通大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著經(jīng)濟與社會的發(fā)展,城市人口數(shù)量不斷增長,導(dǎo)致人們對交通的需求量持續(xù)上升。近年來交通擁堵、環(huán)境污染等由城市交通引發(fā)的問題逐步顯現(xiàn),城市交通政策的制定與實施,會直接關(guān)系到百姓的切身利益,更關(guān)系到城市交通資源配置和城市交通的長遠發(fā)展。公眾作為交通政策影響的群體,應(yīng)該以適當(dāng)?shù)姆绞絽⑴c到交通政策的制定中來,表達公眾利益,提升公共政策的科學(xué)性與合理性。本文首先對國內(nèi)外交通領(lǐng)域公眾參與的文獻進行整理與分析,從社會契約論、公共選擇理論、程序正義理論和博弈論四方面研究了公眾參與的理論基礎(chǔ)。對德國、美國和英國的城市交通領(lǐng)域公眾參與程序進行總結(jié)歸納,結(jié)合斯德哥爾摩擁堵收費與首爾市公交改革的公眾參與進過程行案例分析,借鑒其中的成功經(jīng)驗。通過繪制與分析我國現(xiàn)行的決策程序,發(fā)現(xiàn)政府與公眾之間缺少直接溝通的渠道。在對目前我國公眾參與存在的問題分析后發(fā)現(xiàn),我國公眾參與缺少程序化的規(guī)定,并且參與程度不深、范圍不廣,公眾的參與意識不強。本文提出針對我國城市交通政策制定與實施中的公眾參與,提出分為:問題提出、問題診斷、提出解決方案、方案評價與決策、方案執(zhí)行、方案后評價以及反饋7個階段的程序建議。相應(yīng)的公眾參與層次由低至高分為告知、咨詢、協(xié)商、交互和動員五種形式。本文結(jié)合2014年北京市實施公共交通票價改革案例,對現(xiàn)行的公眾參與過程進行分析與評價,北京市公共交通票價改革是較為成功的案例,但方案后評價與反饋機制方面仍有欠缺。在此基礎(chǔ)上給出對北京市擬實施的擁堵收費政策公眾參與程序的設(shè)計及相關(guān)建議,擁堵收費政策應(yīng)包含完整的公眾參與程序,前期展開深入的社會調(diào)研,多渠道多方式征集公眾意見,重視后評價環(huán)節(jié),并健全反饋機制,提高公眾對政策的支持和理解。本文在結(jié)論部分對改善我國城市交通政策制定中公眾參與制度給出以下對策建議:建立政府與公眾直接溝通的渠道,建立健全交通領(lǐng)域公眾參與的法律制度,設(shè)計不同種類的公眾參與程序規(guī)范,合理選擇公眾參與的方式,培養(yǎng)公眾參與的意識與能力。
[Abstract]:With the development of economy and society, the number of urban population is increasing, which leads to the increasing demand for traffic. In recent years, traffic congestion, environmental pollution and other problems caused by urban traffic gradually appear. The formulation and implementation of urban transport policy will have a direct bearing on the vital interests of the people, as well as on the allocation of urban traffic resources and the long-term development of urban traffic. We should take part in the formulation of transportation policy in an appropriate way, express the public interests and promote the scientific and reasonable nature of the public policy. Firstly, this paper collates and analyzes the literature on public participation in the field of transportation at home and abroad, and analyzes it from the perspective of social contract. Public choice theory, procedural justice theory and game theory are four aspects to study the theoretical basis of public participation. Combined with the case study of Stockholm congestion charge and public participation in the public transport reform in Seoul, the paper draws lessons from the successful experience and draws on and analyzes the current decision-making procedures in China. It is found that there is a lack of direct communication between the government and the public. After analyzing the problems existing in the public participation in our country at present, we find that the public participation in our country is lack of procedural regulations, and the degree of participation is not deep and the scope is not wide. The public participation consciousness is not strong. This paper puts forward that the public participation in the formulation and implementation of urban transportation policy in China can be divided into: problem raising, problem diagnosis, solution, scheme evaluation and decision, program implementation. The corresponding public participation levels are divided from low to high into five forms: informing, consulting, consulting, interactive and mobilization. This paper combines the case of Beijing in 2014 to implement the public transport fare reform. Based on the analysis and evaluation of the current process of public participation, the reform of public transport fares in Beijing is a more successful case. However, there are still some deficiencies in the post-evaluation and feedback mechanism of the scheme. On this basis, the design of the public participation procedure for the congestion charging policy to be implemented in Beijing and the relevant suggestions are given. The congestion charging policy should include a complete public participation procedure. In the early stage, we should carry out in-depth social research, collect public opinions through various channels and ways, attach importance to post-evaluation links, and improve the feedback mechanism. In the conclusion part of this paper, the author gives the following suggestions to improve the system of public participation in the formulation of urban transport policy in China: establishing channels of direct communication between the government and the public. To establish and perfect the legal system of public participation in the field of transportation, to design different kinds of procedural norms of public participation, to rationally select the way of public participation, and to cultivate the awareness and ability of public participation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：F572.3;D63

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