本文關鍵詞： 地方政府 自然災害 應急管理 能力建設　出處：《西南交通大學》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：當今社會,突發(fā)性自然災害事件頻頻發(fā)生,這些事件極大地影響著社會與經濟的穩(wěn)定和發(fā)展,同時也凸現(xiàn)政府的應急管理能力建設水平和執(zhí)政水平有待提升的必要性,加強自然災害應急管理能力建設成為了世界性的課題。自然災害的頻繁發(fā)生很容易波及社會的公共安全,同時也給我國人民的生命財產安全帶來巨大的威脅,地方政府作為我國應對自然災害的第一線負責人,卻不能很好的處理自然災害事件,我國每年因自然災害死亡的人數(shù)達數(shù)千人以上,造成的經濟損失達數(shù)千億之多。由此可以認識到,我國地方政府自然災害應急管理能力和水平還不適應于自然災害發(fā)生及演變的現(xiàn)實,地方政府自然災害應急管理能力建設亟須進一步完善與提高。對我國地方政府自然災害應急管理能力建設進行研究,采用了文獻研究法、比較分析法、案例分析法。采用文獻研究法,主要是通過對國內外文獻和前人的理論觀點進行梳理總結,發(fā)現(xiàn)其中存在的不足,進行研究解析。采用比較分析法,主要是通過國內外自然災害應急管理能力建設的比較研究,發(fā)現(xiàn)問題,進行分析總結。采用案例分析法,通過對自然災害事件的實踐,檢驗地方政府應急能力的進展,以及新出現(xiàn)的問題。同時,運用了自然災害理論、應急管理理論、公共治理理論,對我國地方政府自然災害應急管理能力建設進行研究。自然災害理論闡述了自然災害的形成和爆發(fā)的原因,以及自然災害孕育的環(huán)境等。應急管理理論闡述了應對自然災害應該注意什么細節(jié),采取什么措施,怎樣進行防范和管理。公共治理理論主要從政府的角度闡述了維護社會的公共安全和保障人民生命財產安全的責任。通過對我國地方政府自然災害應急管理能力建設的分析研究,得出的結論是我國地方政府自然災害應急管理能力缺失嚴重。我國應急管理研究起步晚,發(fā)展落后,經過多年的發(fā)展,尤其是從SARS事件以后,我國政府開始重視應急管理研究,應急管理無論是理論還是實踐都得到突破性的進展。但是,薄弱的基礎,使得政府在應對自然災害時總會出現(xiàn)大大小小的問題,尤其是處于一線管理的地方政府。案例分析中,這一點體現(xiàn)的比較明顯。不過,經過多次重大自然災害的實踐鍛煉和經驗總結,我國地方政府的應急管理能力建設還是有明顯的進步,無論是應急管理的專業(yè)技術水平,還是各種裝備設置,都有明顯的改善。從總體上來說,我國地方政府自然災害應急管理能力建設有了一定的進步,但是,目前我國地方政府自然災害應急管理工作進展還不是很平衡,仍存在一些問題,還需要地方政府加大自然災害應急管理的能力建設。
[Abstract]:In today's society, sudden natural disasters occur frequently, which greatly affect the stability and development of society and economy. At the same time, it also highlights the necessity of improving the level of emergency management capacity building and governing level of the government. Strengthening the capacity of natural disaster emergency management has become a worldwide issue. The frequent occurrence of natural disasters can easily affect the public safety of the society, but also bring a huge threat to the safety of the lives and property of the people of our country. As the first line responsible for natural disasters in our country, local governments are unable to deal with natural disasters well. The number of people killed by natural disasters in our country reaches more than thousands every year. The resulting economic losses amount to hundreds of billions of dollars. From this, it can be recognized that our local governments' ability and level of emergency management of natural disasters are not yet adapted to the reality of the occurrence and evolution of natural disasters. The construction of local government's natural disaster emergency management capacity should be further improved and improved. This paper studies the construction of local government's natural disaster emergency management capacity, and adopts the method of literature research and comparative analysis. Case analysis. Literature research method is adopted, mainly through combing and summing up the domestic and foreign literature and predecessors' theoretical viewpoints, finding out the shortcomings in the research and analyzing, using comparative analysis method, Mainly through the domestic and foreign natural disaster emergency management capacity construction comparative research, discovers the question, carries on the analysis summary. Uses the case analysis method, through to the natural disaster event practice, tests the local government emergency response ability progress, And emerging problems. At the same time, the theory of natural disaster, the theory of emergency management, the theory of public governance, This paper studies the construction of local government's emergency management capacity for natural disasters. The natural disaster theory expounds the causes of the formation and outbreak of natural disasters. And the environment in which natural disasters are conceived. The theory of emergency management states what details and measures should be taken to deal with natural disasters. How to prevent and manage. The theory of public governance mainly expounds the responsibility of maintaining the public safety of the society and ensuring the safety of people's life and property from the angle of the government. The analysis of construction, The conclusion is that the ability of natural disaster emergency management of local government is seriously lacking. The research of emergency management in our country started late and developed backward. After years of development, especially after the SARS incident, our government began to attach importance to the study of emergency management. Emergency management has made a breakthrough both in theory and practice. However, because of its weak foundation, the government will always have big and small problems in dealing with natural disasters, especially local governments who are on the front line of management. However, after many major natural disasters have been practiced and summed up, our local governments have made significant progress in building their capacity for emergency management, regardless of their professional and technical level of emergency management. As a whole, our local governments have made some progress in building the capacity of natural disaster emergency management, but, At present, the progress of natural disaster emergency management of local government in our country is not very balanced, there are still some problems, and it is necessary for local government to strengthen the capacity construction of natural disaster emergency management.
【學位授予單位】：西南交通大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：D63

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