本文關(guān)鍵詞： 土耳其 宗教治理 極端化 新疆　出處：《新疆師范大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：伴隨著全球化的到來,加之宗教的普世性特點,跨國界、跨地區(qū)的共同宗教信仰在當(dāng)代世界極為普遍,繼而又被稱之為“全球宗教復(fù)興”。伊斯蘭教作為世界三大宗教之一,在霍梅尼革命后也開啟了伊斯蘭教的復(fù)興進程,出現(xiàn)了伊斯蘭由日常生活領(lǐng)域向社會、文化,乃至政治、經(jīng)濟和法律領(lǐng)域擴張的趨勢,從而再次開啟了伊斯蘭教的政治化進程。對當(dāng)下世界各國,無論東方還是西方,無論是發(fā)達國家還是發(fā)展中國家,無論是土耳其還是中國,如何治理宗教極端主義,都面臨著挑戰(zhàn)。在我國,尤其是新疆地區(qū),包括宗教極端勢力在內(nèi)的“三股勢力”正在威脅著國家和地區(qū)安全。宗教極端勢力利用穆斯林群眾樸素的宗教情感,打著伊斯蘭教的旗號,以極端手段和行為,實現(xiàn)其分裂祖國的政治目的,究其實質(zhì)就是披著宗教外衣的政治活動,從而給我國新疆地區(qū)的穩(wěn)定和發(fā)展造成極大危害。從國際經(jīng)驗來看,土耳其世俗化過程是值得肯定的,這是一個伊斯蘭主義和世俗化不斷糅合的過程,體現(xiàn)了伊斯蘭教所具有的包容性,在一定程度上是能夠與世俗化相適應(yīng)的。所以對于我國特別是關(guān)涉新疆民族地區(qū)的宗教治理工作,可以借鑒土耳其宗教改革和治理的一些具體舉措。土耳其的宗教治理進程,始終伴隨著國家的發(fā)展。從奧斯曼帝國后期即開始了對宗教治理的不斷嘗試,經(jīng)歷了凱末爾以世俗主義為核心目標(biāo)的大刀闊斧的宗教改革,從文字、法律、社會習(xí)俗等方面革新了民眾對伊斯蘭教的認(rèn)識,逐步樹立起了土耳其的國家形象與民族歸屬,并且隨著后來土耳其政體的不斷完善,逐步走向了世俗化、民主化、現(xiàn)代化的道路,使土耳其走向了現(xiàn)代化崛起之路。盡管這樣的道路不能完全套用,但是由于土耳其與我國新疆在宗教國情區(qū)情方面具有一定相似性。所以可以為我國宗教治理工作提供經(jīng)驗借鑒,通過對新疆伊斯蘭教的疏導(dǎo)和管理,以及在教育過程中提升國家認(rèn)同,以法律形式規(guī)范宗教活動等方面的扎實工作,清除宗教極端勢力在新疆滋生的土壤,還新疆各族人民一個社會穩(wěn)定、政治清明、宗教和諧、民族團結(jié)、家庭富足的社會生活環(huán)境。
[Abstract]:With the advent of globalization and the universal character of religion, the common religious belief across national boundaries and regions is very common in the contemporary world. Islam, as one of the three major religions in the world, also opened the process of Islamic revival after the Khomeini Revolution, and Islam emerged from the field of daily life to society. The trend of cultural, political, economic and legal expansion has once again opened up the process of politicization of Islam. Whether developed or developing countries, whether Turkey or China, how to manage religious extremism, are facing challenges. In China, especially in Xinjiang region. The "three forces", including religious extremist forces, are threatening national and regional security. Religious extremist forces use the simple religious feelings of Muslim people and use the banner of Islam to use extreme means and actions. To achieve its political goal of splitting the motherland, its essence is a political activity under the cloak of religion, thus causing great harm to the stability and development of Xinjiang region of China. Turkey's secularization process is commendable. It is an ongoing mix of Islamism and secularization, reflecting the inclusiveness of Islam. To a certain extent, it can adapt to secularization. Therefore, it is especially concerned with the religious governance in Xinjiang ethnic areas. We can learn from some specific measures of religious reform and governance in Turkey. The process of religious governance in Turkey has always been accompanied by the development of the country. Through Kemal's radical religious reform with secularism as the core goal, the people's understanding of Islam has been innovated from the aspects of writing, law, social customs and so on. Gradually set up the national image of Turkey and national ownership, and with the continuous improvement of the Turkish regime, gradually moved towards secularization, democratization, modernization. It has set Turkey on the road to modernisation, though it cannot be fully applied. However, because Turkey and Xinjiang have certain similarities in the regional situation of religious conditions, so we can provide experience for our religious governance, through the guidance and management of Islam in Xinjiang. And in the process of education to promote national identity, standardize religious activities in the form of law and other solid work, remove the breeding soil of religious extremist forces in Xinjiang, and return the people of all nationalities in Xinjiang a social stability. Political Pure Brightness, religious harmony, national unity, family rich social environment.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：新疆師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：D635;D633

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