發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-12-17 04:43

【摘要】：隨著IPv4地址的日漸枯竭,而IPv6短期內(nèi)又無(wú)法大范圍實(shí)用,為了解決網(wǎng)絡(luò)地址不足的問(wèn)題,NAT(Network Address Translation,網(wǎng)絡(luò)地址轉(zhuǎn)換)技術(shù)被廣泛應(yīng)用。它是一種將私有IP地址轉(zhuǎn)化為合法公有IP地址的轉(zhuǎn)換技術(shù),主要應(yīng)用于各種類(lèi)型的Internet接入方式和各種類(lèi)型的網(wǎng)絡(luò)中。通過(guò)NAT的轉(zhuǎn)接,局域網(wǎng)內(nèi)具有私有IP地址的主機(jī)在需要訪問(wèn)外網(wǎng)時(shí),可以偽裝成具有一個(gè)公網(wǎng)IP地址,以完成數(shù)據(jù)的收發(fā)過(guò)程。但NAT的存在恰恰又阻礙了許多基于P2P通信的應(yīng)用建立TCP連接。這是由于NAT設(shè)備會(huì)屏蔽來(lái)自外部未經(jīng)授權(quán)的數(shù)據(jù)包,所謂“未經(jīng)授權(quán)”是指沒(méi)有內(nèi)網(wǎng)主機(jī)發(fā)起連接在先而“不請(qǐng)自到”的數(shù)據(jù)包。因此導(dǎo)致了不同NAT設(shè)備后的主機(jī)無(wú)法通信的問(wèn)題,因?yàn)殡p方都無(wú)法向?qū)Ψ桨l(fā)起連接,所有SYN請(qǐng)求包都將被對(duì)方的NAT屏蔽。 為此,如何穿越NAT設(shè)備以實(shí)現(xiàn)更加廣泛的P2P互聯(lián),成為當(dāng)前網(wǎng)絡(luò)發(fā)展中亟待解決的一大問(wèn)題。針對(duì)NAT設(shè)備的非標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化和多樣化,目前已經(jīng)發(fā)展出多種穿越NAT的技術(shù),不同的技術(shù)方案有不同的適用范圍、實(shí)現(xiàn)復(fù)雜度和成功率。本文就各種NAT穿越方案進(jìn)行了簡(jiǎn)要的介紹和對(duì)比,隨后提出了一個(gè)嶄新的NAT穿越方案——P2PNAT#2。該方案利用TCP同時(shí)打開(kāi)達(dá)到穿越的目的,同時(shí)又可解決同時(shí)打開(kāi)對(duì)時(shí)序的苛刻要求。
[Abstract]:With the exhaustion of IPv4 address, IPv6 can not be widely used in the short term. In order to solve the problem of network address shortage, NAT (Network Address Translation, network address translation (, NAT (Network Address Translation,) technology has been widely used. It is a technology of transforming private IP address into legal public IP address. It is mainly used in various types of Internet access methods and various types of network. Through the transfer of NAT, the host with private IP address in the LAN can pretend to have a public network IP address when it needs to access the external network, so as to complete the data sending and receiving process. However, the existence of NAT prevents many P2P applications from establishing TCP connections. This is because the NAT device shields unauthorized packets from outside. The term "unauthorized" refers to packets that are "unsolicited" without a connection initiated by an intranet host. As a result, hosts behind different NAT devices cannot communicate because neither side can initiate a connection to each other, and all SYN request packets will be blocked by each other's NAT. Therefore, how to traverse NAT devices to realize more extensive P2P interconnection has become a major problem to be solved in the current network development. Aiming at the non-standardization and diversification of NAT devices, many techniques have been developed to traverse NAT. Different technical schemes have different application scope, complexity and success rate. This paper briefly introduces and compares various NAT traversal schemes, and then proposes a new NAT traversal scheme, P2PNAT#2. This scheme uses TCP to achieve the purpose of traversing at the same time, it can solve the exacting requirement of timing at the same time.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京郵電大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TP393.04

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