【摘要】：近年來隨著網(wǎng)民數(shù)量和互聯(lián)網(wǎng)普及率的迅猛增長,新媒體產(chǎn)業(yè)也相應(yīng)的快速發(fā)展,特別是其中的視頻業(yè)務(wù)。視頻業(yè)務(wù)由于數(shù)據(jù)傳輸量大,對(duì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)帶寬、時(shí)延、穩(wěn)定性指標(biāo)要求更高,這對(duì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)通信質(zhì)量及終端處理能力提出了較大的挑戰(zhàn)。然而傳統(tǒng)的單播技術(shù)是采用一對(duì)一數(shù)據(jù)傳輸來進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì),顯然無法滿足多媒體數(shù)據(jù)的傳輸要求,進(jìn)而推進(jìn)了IP組播技術(shù)的出現(xiàn)。但初期的IP組播需要底層特殊路由器支持,制約了其可擴(kuò)展性和實(shí)用范圍,應(yīng)用層組播應(yīng)時(shí)而生。 應(yīng)用層組播使用端主機(jī)來替代傳統(tǒng)的路由進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)包的轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)、復(fù)制和管理等功能。但端主機(jī)性能的差異性較大,當(dāng)較差的端主機(jī)作為非葉子節(jié)點(diǎn)進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)時(shí),可能影響系統(tǒng)的可靠性、延遲、可擴(kuò)展性、傳輸效率,如何構(gòu)建最優(yōu)的應(yīng)用層組播模型來滿足實(shí)時(shí)多媒體傳輸一直是研究的熱點(diǎn)。 本文主要從應(yīng)用層組播的覆蓋模型和負(fù)載均衡機(jī)制兩個(gè)方面來對(duì)當(dāng)前應(yīng)用層組播系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行了研究,并針對(duì)當(dāng)前研究中的不足進(jìn)行了改進(jìn),提出了基于NICE的節(jié)點(diǎn)相對(duì)離開概率覆蓋模型(NRLP-NICE, Nodes' Relative Leaving Probability Based On NICE)和基于用戶滿意度評(píng)分自適應(yīng)負(fù)載均衡機(jī)制(ALBS-SOCS, Adaptive Load Balancing Strategy Based On Score Of Customer Satisfaction)。 首先,本文針對(duì)應(yīng)用層組播中節(jié)點(diǎn)在線時(shí)間的分布規(guī)律進(jìn)行了分析,將其轉(zhuǎn)換成了節(jié)點(diǎn)的相對(duì)離開概率,在此基礎(chǔ)上提出了結(jié)合NICE協(xié)議分層分簇思想的NRLP-NICE,并采用Omnet++4.1中OverSim框架對(duì)NRLP-NICE進(jìn)行仿真驗(yàn)證,將之與NICE協(xié)議進(jìn)行了對(duì)比,仿真結(jié)果表明NRLP-NICE具有更低控制開銷,同時(shí)降低了系統(tǒng)的延遲誤差百分比。 其次,本文分析了實(shí)際生活中引起系統(tǒng)整體利用率不平衡的因素,把系統(tǒng)的服務(wù)質(zhì)量、帶寬利用率、信道容量等指標(biāo)進(jìn)行加權(quán),提出系統(tǒng)平均組播用戶滿意度的概念,在此基礎(chǔ)上設(shè)計(jì)了ALBS-SOCS.在與NRLP-NICE相同的仿真環(huán)境下,對(duì)ALBS-SOCS進(jìn)行了仿真實(shí)驗(yàn),通過仿真驗(yàn)證了ALBS-SOCS相對(duì)于NICE能夠較好的減少平均傳輸時(shí)延和平均鏈路壓力,增加系統(tǒng)的平均組播用戶滿意度,提高系統(tǒng)整體性能,改善用戶的體驗(yàn)。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the rapid growth of the number of Internet users and Internet penetration, the new media industry has also developed rapidly, especially the video business. Due to the large amount of data transmission, video services require higher network bandwidth, delay and stability, which poses a great challenge to the network communication quality and terminal processing capability. However, the traditional unicast technology is designed by one-to-one data transmission, which obviously can not meet the requirements of multimedia data transmission, and thus promotes the emergence of IP multicast technology. However, in the early stage, IP multicast needs the support of special routers at the bottom, which restricts its scalability and practical scope, so the application-layer multicast should come into being in time. Application layer multicast uses end host instead of traditional routing for packet forwarding, replication and management. However, the performance of the end host is quite different. When the poor end host is transmitted as a non-leaf node, it may affect the reliability, delay, expansibility and transmission efficiency of the system. How to construct an optimal application layer multicast model to satisfy real-time multimedia transmission has been a hot topic. This paper mainly studies the current application-layer multicast system from two aspects: the coverage model of application-layer multicast and the load balancing mechanism, and improves the shortcomings of the current research. In this paper, NICE based relative departure probability coverage model (NRLP-NICE, Nodes' Relative Leaving Probability Based On NICE) and adaptive load balancing mechanism (ALBS-SOCS, Adaptive Load Balancing Strategy Based On Score Of Customer Satisfaction).) based on user satisfaction rating are proposed. First of all, this paper analyzes the distribution of node online time in application-layer multicast, and converts it into the relative departure probability of nodes. On the basis of this, a new NRLP-NICE, based on the idea of hierarchical clustering of NICE protocol is proposed, and the OverSim framework in Omnet 4.1 is used to validate NRLP-NICE. The simulation results show that NRLP-NICE has lower control overhead than NICE protocol. At the same time, the delay error percentage of the system is reduced. Secondly, this paper analyzes the factors that lead to the imbalance of the overall utilization of the system in real life, weights the system's quality of service, bandwidth utilization, channel capacity, and puts forward the concept of system average multicast user satisfaction. On this basis, the ALBS-SOCS. is designed. In the same simulation environment as NRLP-NICE, ALBS-SOCS is simulated. The simulation results show that ALBS-SOCS can reduce the average transmission delay and average link pressure compared with NICE, and increase the average multicast user satisfaction. Improve the overall performance of the system, improve the user experience.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TP393.03

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