【摘要】：類(lèi)似于IPv4中的DHCP協(xié)議,IPv6提供了一套DHCPv6協(xié)議為鏈路中的節(jié)點(diǎn)進(jìn)行有狀態(tài)地址自動(dòng)配置。通過(guò)這種方式所得到的IPv6地址都是由DHCP服務(wù)器進(jìn)行管理,這類(lèi)地址是有一定的生命期,當(dāng)?shù)刂愤_(dá)到生命期之后,該地址就可能發(fā)生變化,但是這些變化了的地址與節(jié)點(diǎn)的對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系都是通過(guò)DHCP服務(wù)器進(jìn)行管理的,不需要節(jié)點(diǎn)關(guān)心。但是,IPv6不僅提供了有狀態(tài)地址自動(dòng)配置技術(shù),還提供了另一種全新的無(wú)狀態(tài)地址自動(dòng)配置技術(shù)為鏈路上的節(jié)點(diǎn)分配地址,通過(guò)無(wú)狀態(tài)地址自動(dòng)配置來(lái)得到地址的鏈路不需要有專(zhuān)門(mén)的DHCP服務(wù)器集中式的管理地址,僅僅通過(guò)路由器和節(jié)點(diǎn)的相互作用就可以使鏈路內(nèi)各個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)獲得地址,達(dá)到互聯(lián)互通的效果。一般通過(guò)無(wú)狀態(tài)地址自動(dòng)配置得到的IPv6地址可以分為兩部分,前半部分被稱(chēng)為網(wǎng)絡(luò)前綴,后半部分被稱(chēng)為接口ID。根據(jù)接口ID生成方式的不同,無(wú)狀態(tài)地址自動(dòng)配置得到的IPv6地址被分為了兩類(lèi),一類(lèi)是穩(wěn)定的IPv6地址,另一類(lèi)是不穩(wěn)定的IPv6地址,這取決于在同一子網(wǎng)內(nèi)IPv6地址是否會(huì)發(fā)生變化。一旦鏈路內(nèi)存在了不穩(wěn)定的IPv6地址,當(dāng)經(jīng)過(guò)一段時(shí)間后,若節(jié)點(diǎn)得到的IPv6地址發(fā)生了變化,由于沒(méi)有DHCP服務(wù)器進(jìn)行管理協(xié)調(diào),其他節(jié)點(diǎn)無(wú)法得知該節(jié)點(diǎn)的IPv6地址發(fā)生了改變,所以會(huì)出現(xiàn)該節(jié)點(diǎn)無(wú)法與其他節(jié)點(diǎn)正常通信等問(wèn)題。本文重點(diǎn)研究了IPv6的地址分配技術(shù),并且針對(duì)不穩(wěn)定的IPv6地址會(huì)發(fā)生變化這一特性所帶來(lái)的的問(wèn)題給出了解決方案,并且通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)證實(shí)本文提出的解決方案的具有可行性。
[Abstract]:Similar to the DHCP protocol in IPv4, IPv6 provides a set of DHCPv6 protocols for automatic configuration of stateful addresses for nodes in a link. The IPv6 addresses obtained in this way are managed by the DHCP server, and these addresses have a certain lifetime, and when the address reaches the lifetime, the address can change. However, the corresponding relationship between these changed addresses and nodes is managed by DHCP server, and no node care is required. However, IPv6 not only provides the technology of automatic configuration of stateful address, but also provides another new technology of automatic configuration of stateless address to assign addresses to nodes on the link. The link that obtains the address by automatic configuration of stateless address does not need the centralized management address of the special DHCP server. It can make each node in the link get the address only through the interaction between the router and the node. To achieve the effect of interconnection. The IPv6 address can be divided into two parts: the first part is called the network prefix and the second part is called the interface IDD. According to the different methods of interface ID generation, the IPv6 addresses automatically configured with stateless addresses are divided into two categories, one is the stable IPv6 address, the other is the unstable IPv6 address. This depends on whether the IPv6 address changes within the same subnet. Once there is an unstable IPv6 address in the link, if the IPv6 address obtained by the node changes after a period of time, the other nodes cannot know that the IPv6 address of the node has changed due to the lack of management coordination by the DHCP server. Therefore, the node will not be able to communicate with other nodes and other issues. This paper focuses on the address allocation technology of IPv6, and gives a solution to the problem caused by the unstable IPv6 address changing, and proves the feasibility of the proposed solution through experiments.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京郵電大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TP393.04

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本文編號(hào)：2164963