本文選題：網(wǎng)絡拓撲測量 + 網(wǎng)絡斷層掃描技術(shù)��； 參考：《蘭州交通大學》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著互聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)深入到人們社會生活的各個行業(yè)領(lǐng)域，如金融行業(yè)、通信服務行業(yè)、煤炭行業(yè)、石油行業(yè)、食品流通行業(yè)等，人們的日常生活與互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的關(guān)系日益密切，與此同時，對網(wǎng)絡實時、準確且可靠的傳輸服務的要求也越來越高，尤其是網(wǎng)絡傳輸延時和網(wǎng)絡安全方面。網(wǎng)絡測量作為網(wǎng)絡管理和監(jiān)控的依據(jù)，顯得越來越重要。拓撲結(jié)構(gòu)，是網(wǎng)絡測量的重要方面，是一切互聯(lián)網(wǎng)活動順利開展的保障。網(wǎng)絡斷層掃描技術(shù)(Network Tomography，NT)是一種基于端到端的測量技術(shù)，該技術(shù)通過從源節(jié)點發(fā)送探測包到特定的目標節(jié)點，并在目標節(jié)點統(tǒng)計到達的探測包的各種參數(shù)信息(丟包率、時延、時延抖動和鏈路帶寬等)，根據(jù)這些信息來推斷節(jié)點間的兄弟關(guān)系。NT技術(shù)有效克服了傳統(tǒng)網(wǎng)絡測量的缺點，是現(xiàn)階段推斷網(wǎng)絡拓撲的最有效技術(shù)。 基于NT技術(shù)的拓撲測量依據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)信息采集方式的不同可分主動測量和被動測量，主動測量又分為基于多播的測量和基于單播的測量兩種方式。由于設備是否支持多播功能與網(wǎng)絡安全性無直接聯(lián)系，所以現(xiàn)有網(wǎng)絡中的設備并不都支持多播功能，從而使得多播測量方法的適用范圍受到限制。而基于單播的測量方法對網(wǎng)絡設備本身的要求不高，有更廣的適用性。本文的研究將基于單播測量方式展開，主要內(nèi)容如下： 首先概要地闡述了網(wǎng)絡拓撲測量技術(shù)的背景、意義及國內(nèi)外現(xiàn)狀，并對傳統(tǒng)網(wǎng)絡測量技術(shù)和NT技術(shù)分別進行了概述，比較分析了傳統(tǒng)網(wǎng)絡測量方法進行拓撲推斷的優(yōu)勢及其存在的不足。 其次論述了端到端的測量的兩種方式：主動測量和被動測量，以及基于主動測量的多播測量方法和單播測量方法，并對基于單播測量的幾種探測包模型進行了論述，分析比較了它們各自的優(yōu)缺點。 然后論述了三元分組列車測量模型及現(xiàn)有的基于時延和基于時延抖動的兩種三元分組列車測量方法。在現(xiàn)有基于單參數(shù)(時延或時延抖動)的三元分組列車測量方法基礎上，提出一種利用雙參數(shù)來推斷網(wǎng)絡拓撲結(jié)構(gòu)的三元分組列車測量方法，系統(tǒng)闡述了此方法進行網(wǎng)絡拓撲識別的測量過程，并在Ubuntu下的NS2仿真平臺上模擬探測包的發(fā)送過程，對相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)進行統(tǒng)計。實驗在不同的網(wǎng)絡負載情況下對現(xiàn)有方法與改進方法的拓撲推斷準確度進行比較，結(jié)果驗證了該方法的有效性與準確性。 最后論述了將此改進方法應用于推斷已知拓撲中添加新節(jié)點之后的拓撲結(jié)構(gòu)，并在NS2下進行實驗，驗證了其準確性。該方法在推斷過程中引入了葉節(jié)點的高度，故在推斷葉節(jié)點層次較為復雜的拓撲時，，該方法有效減少了探測包的發(fā)送量。
[Abstract]:With the development of Internet technology in various fields of people's social life, such as finance, communication service, coal, petroleum, food circulation and so on, the relationship between people's daily life and the Internet is becoming more and more close. At the same time, the demand for real-time, accurate and reliable transmission service is becoming higher and higher, especially in the aspect of network transmission delay and network security. As the basis of network management and monitoring, network measurement is becoming more and more important. Topology, an important aspect of network measurement, is the guarantee of the smooth development of all Internet activities. Network TomographyNT-is an end-to-end measurement technique, which sends detection packets from source nodes to a specific target node, and counts the various parameters (packet loss rate, delay) at the target node. Time delay jitter and link bandwidth are used to infer the sibling relationship between nodes. NT technology overcomes the shortcomings of traditional network measurement and is the most effective technique to infer network topology at this stage. The topology measurement based on NT technology can be divided into active measurement and passive measurement according to the different ways of collecting data information. Active measurement can be divided into two ways: multicast based measurement and unicast based measurement. Because there is no direct relation between the multicast function and the network security, not all the devices in the existing network support multicast function, which limits the scope of application of multicast measurement method. However, the measurement method based on unicast does not require the network equipment itself, so it has wider applicability. The research of this paper will be based on unicast measurement, the main contents are as follows: Firstly, the background, significance and current situation of network topology measurement technology are briefly described, and the traditional network measurement technology and NT technology are summarized respectively. The advantages and disadvantages of traditional network measurement methods for topology inference are compared and analyzed. Secondly, two methods of end-to-end measurement: active measurement and passive measurement, multicast measurement based on active measurement and unicast measurement are discussed, and several detection packet models based on unicast measurement are discussed. Their advantages and disadvantages are analyzed and compared. Then, the measurement model and two existing measurement methods based on delay and delay jitter are discussed. On the basis of the existing measurement methods based on single parameter (delay or delay jitter), this paper proposes a new method for the measurement of ternary packet trains, which uses two parameters to infer the topological structure of the network. The measurement process of network topology identification by this method is described systematically, and the sending process of probe packets is simulated on the NS2 simulation platform under Ubuntu, and the relevant data are statistically analyzed. The experimental results show that the proposed method is effective and accurate by comparing the existing methods with the improved methods under different network load conditions. Finally, this improved method is applied to infer the topology structure after adding new nodes to the known topology, and the experiment is carried out under NS2 to verify its accuracy. The height of the leaf node is introduced in the process of inference, so the method can effectively reduce the transmission of the probe packet when inferring the complex topology of the leaf node.
【學位授予單位】：蘭州交通大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TP393.02

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