【摘要】：建筑信息模型(BIM,Building Information Modeling)是數(shù)字技術(shù)在建筑業(yè)中的直接表達,牽涉到整個建筑工程全生命周期的各個環(huán)節(jié)。工程設(shè)計行業(yè)作為BIM技術(shù)應(yīng)用的領(lǐng)軍者,在水電工程建設(shè)行業(yè)中也是率先依托設(shè)計企業(yè)引入和實施BIM技術(shù)的。設(shè)計企業(yè)引入BIM技術(shù)既是為了滿足自身業(yè)務(wù)發(fā)展的現(xiàn)實需求,也在一定程度上受市場環(huán)境與需求的倒逼。然而,從實踐情況看,設(shè)計院應(yīng)用BIM技術(shù)并不順暢,這不僅僅是單純的信息技術(shù)工具與軟件的簡單應(yīng)用,更涉及到企業(yè)現(xiàn)有技術(shù)流程、管理模式甚至組織方式的革新。本文首先通過對分散于多個不同行業(yè)里的多個設(shè)計企業(yè)進行充分調(diào)研,深入了解其BIM技術(shù)應(yīng)用與實施現(xiàn)狀,凝煉其共性成功經(jīng)驗。其次,在分析了工程本身特點對BIM實施的影響、考慮了相關(guān)方在BIM方面的技術(shù)成熟度、不同工程階段及其對應(yīng)的不同BIM模塊等方面之后,以A設(shè)計院的具體實踐為例,綜合上述因素,利用專家評分法對實施BIM技術(shù)的待選項目做出選擇。再次,依據(jù)項目管理中的干系人管理理論與方法,識別A設(shè)計院在實施BIM技術(shù)過程中的重要干系人,并對主要干系人進行分類和排序。最后,分別對BIM技術(shù)的兩大應(yīng)用層次——協(xié)同管理平臺和三維BIM設(shè)計手段加以分析,深入研究它們在水電工程項目管理中的具體應(yīng)用。研究發(fā)現(xiàn):從同類設(shè)計企業(yè)看,應(yīng)用BIM較好的公司大都進行了本地化的二次開發(fā)、增加了三維校審環(huán)節(jié)、改變了最終施工圖紙表達方式。根據(jù)分析結(jié)果,存在三類需要項目經(jīng)理特別注意的干系人:BIM 一線設(shè)計者的直屬領(lǐng)導(dǎo)、軟件商和上游數(shù)據(jù)提供商(或選定應(yīng)用模塊的上游專業(yè))。從項目管理理念中的溝通管理角度觀察,基于BIM的協(xié)同管理平臺,可以在溝通管理方面提供更好的辦法。從項目時間(進度)管理角度分析,由于基于BIM的設(shè)計手段在流程上會有明顯的工作量前移,所以原有設(shè)計過程的進度計劃將有很大變化。本研究的相關(guān)結(jié)果可以為正在或?qū)⒁隑IM技術(shù)的同類企業(yè)提供借鑒。在項目選擇與模塊選擇方面,能夠幫助企業(yè)理性的集中研究力量在個別項目或重點模塊上,可以節(jié)約愈發(fā)寶貴的時間與人力資源;在具體實施BIM方面,能夠在一定程度上使企業(yè)可以更好的保障實施BIM的成功率。而工程設(shè)計企業(yè)成功應(yīng)用BIM將給企業(yè)自身帶來質(zhì)的變化,可以在將來更趨激烈的國際化競爭中打下堅實的技術(shù)與管理基礎(chǔ)。
[Abstract]:Building information model (BIM,Building Information Modeling) is the direct expression of digital technology in the construction industry, which involves every link of the whole life cycle of construction engineering. Engineering design industry as a leader in the application of BIM technology is also the first to rely on design enterprises to introduce and implement BIM technology in hydropower engineering construction industry. The introduction of BIM technology to design enterprises is not only to meet the actual needs of their own business development, but also to some extent forced by the market environment and demand. However, from the point of view of practice, the application of BIM technology in design institutes is not only a simple application of information technology tools and software, but also involves the innovation of existing technological processes, management patterns and even organizational methods of enterprises. In this paper, first of all, through the full investigation of many design enterprises scattered in many different industries, we deeply understand the application and implementation status of BIM technology, and refine its common successful experience. Secondly, after analyzing the influence of the engineering characteristics on the implementation of BIM, considering the technical maturity of the relevant parties in BIM, different engineering stages and their corresponding different BIM modules, this paper takes the concrete practice of A Design Institute as an example. According to the above factors, the expert scoring method is used to select the items to be selected for the implementation of BIM technology. Thirdly, according to the theory and method of stakeholder management in project management, the important stakeholders in the process of implementing BIM technology in A design institute are identified, and the main stakeholders are classified and sorted. Finally, this paper analyzes the two application levels of BIM technology, the collaborative management platform and the design means of 3D BIM, and deeply studies their specific application in hydropower project management. It is found that from the point of view of the similar design enterprises, most of the companies with good BIM have carried out local secondary development, increased the three-dimension checking link, and changed the expression mode of the final construction drawings. According to the results of the analysis, there are three types of stakeholders that require the special attention of the project manager: the direct leader of the BIM front-line designer, the software vendor and the upstream data provider (or the upstream specialty of the selected application module). From the point of view of communication management in the concept of project management, the collaborative management platform based on BIM can provide a better method in communication management. From the point of view of project time (schedule) management, the schedule of the original design process will change greatly because the design method based on BIM will have obvious workload forward in the process. The results of this study can be used for reference for similar enterprises that are introducing or will introduce BIM technology. In the aspect of project selection and module selection, it can help enterprises to focus their research efforts rationally on individual projects or key modules, which can save more and more valuable time and human resources. In the specific implementation of BIM, to a certain extent, enterprises can better guarantee the success rate of implementing BIM. The successful application of BIM in engineering design enterprises will bring qualitative changes to the enterprises themselves and will lay a solid foundation of technology and management in the future more intense international competition.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TV51

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