本文選題：生態(tài)表觀組學(xué) + 生態(tài)基因組學(xué)��； 參考：《生物多樣性》2015年05期

【摘要】：分子生態(tài)學(xué)是多學(xué)科交叉的整合性研究領(lǐng)域,是運(yùn)用進(jìn)化生物學(xué)理論解決宏觀生物學(xué)問題的科學(xué)。經(jīng)過(guò)半個(gè)多世紀(jì)的發(fā)展,本學(xué)科已日趨成熟,它不僅已經(jīng)廣泛滲透到宏觀生物學(xué)的眾多學(xué)科領(lǐng)域,而且已經(jīng)成為連接和融合很多不同學(xué)科的橋梁,是目前最具活力的研究領(lǐng)域之一。其研究的范疇,從最基礎(chǔ)的理論和方法技術(shù),到格局和模式的發(fā)現(xiàn)和描述,到對(duì)過(guò)程和機(jī)制的深入探討,再到付諸于實(shí)踐的行動(dòng)和規(guī)劃指導(dǎo)等各個(gè)層次。分子生態(tài)學(xué)的興起給宏觀生物學(xué)帶來(lái)了若干飛躍性的變化,使宏觀生物學(xué)由傳統(tǒng)的以觀察、測(cè)量和推理為主的描述性研究轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橐詮纳锖头N群的遺傳構(gòu)成的變化和歷史演化背景上檢驗(yàn)、證明科學(xué)假設(shè)及揭示機(jī)制和規(guī)律為主的機(jī)制性/解釋性研究,因而使得對(duì)具有普遍意義的科學(xué)規(guī)律、生態(tài)和進(jìn)化過(guò)程及機(jī)制的探索成為可能。分子生態(tài)學(xué)已經(jīng)進(jìn)入組學(xué)研究時(shí)代,這使得闡明復(fù)雜生態(tài)過(guò)程、生物地理過(guò)程和適應(yīng)性演化過(guò)程的機(jī)制性研究由原來(lái)難以企及的夢(mèng)想變成完全可以實(shí)現(xiàn)的探求;它也帶來(lái)了全新的挑戰(zhàn),其中最有深遠(yuǎn)影響的將是對(duì)分子生態(tài)學(xué)研究至關(guān)重要的進(jìn)化生物學(xué)基礎(chǔ)理論方面的突破,例如遺傳變異理論、種群分化理論、表觀遺傳因素的作用,乃至進(jìn)化生物學(xué)的基本知識(shí)構(gòu)架等等。這些方面的進(jìn)展必將使宏觀生物學(xué)迎來(lái)一場(chǎng)空前的革命,并對(duì)生態(tài)學(xué)的所有分支學(xué)科產(chǎn)生重大影響,甚至催生諸如生態(tài)表觀組學(xué)這樣的新分支學(xué)科。對(duì)于中國(guó)科學(xué)家來(lái)說(shuō),分子生態(tài)學(xué)組學(xué)時(shí)代的開啟,更是一個(gè)千載難逢的機(jī)遇,為提出和建立生命科學(xué)的新方法、新假說(shuō)、新思想和新理論提供了莫大的探索空間——此前我們對(duì)宏觀生物學(xué)方法、理論和思想的發(fā)展貢獻(xiàn)很小。然而,限制組學(xué)時(shí)代重大突破的關(guān)鍵因素是理論、概念、理念、實(shí)驗(yàn)方法或分析方法方面的創(chuàng)新和突破,這正是我國(guó)分子生態(tài)學(xué)研究最薄弱的環(huán)節(jié)。我國(guó)教育部門應(yīng)盡快調(diào)整生命科學(xué)本科生培養(yǎng)的理念和方法,以培養(yǎng)具備突出創(chuàng)新潛力的年輕一代后備人才;同時(shí),科研項(xiàng)目資助部門和研究人員不僅應(yīng)清醒地認(rèn)識(shí)本學(xué)科領(lǐng)域的發(fā)展態(tài)勢(shì),更要及時(shí)調(diào)整思路,樹立新的項(xiàng)目管理理念和治學(xué)理念。
[Abstract]:Molecular ecology is a multidisciplinary and integrated research field. It is the science of applying evolutionary biology theory to solve macrobiological problems. After more than half a century of development, the subject has become more and more mature. It has not only penetrated into many fields of macrobiology, but also has become a bridge to connect and integrate many different disciplines. It is one of the most dynamic research fields at present. The scope of its research is from the most basic theory and method technology to the discovery and description of pattern and pattern to the deep discussion of the process and mechanism to the practical action and planning guidance and so on. The rise of molecular ecology has brought a number of leaps and bounds to macrobiology, which has made macrobiology from traditional observation. Descriptive research based on measurement and reasoning has been transformed into institutional / explanatory research based on the genetic changes and historical evolution of organisms and populations, proving scientific assumptions and revealing mechanisms and laws. This makes it possible to explore the scientific laws, ecological and evolutionary processes and mechanisms of universal significance. Molecular ecology has entered the age of cluster study, which makes the systematic research of complex ecological process, biogeographic process and adaptive evolution process change from the original dream which is difficult to achieve to the exploration that can be completely realized. It also presents new challenges, the most far-reaching of which will be breakthroughs in the basic theories of evolutionary biology that are crucial to the study of molecular ecology, such as the theory of genetic variation, the theory of population differentiation, the role of epigenetic factors, Even the basic knowledge structure of evolutionary biology and so on. The progress in these fields will make macrobiology usher in an unprecedented revolution, and have a great influence on all branches of ecology, and even give birth to new branches such as ecological epigenetics. For Chinese scientists, the beginning of the era of molecular ecology is a rare opportunity to propose and establish new methods of life science, a new hypothesis, New ideas and new theories provide a great space for exploration-previously we have made little contribution to the development of macrobiological methods, theories and ideas. However, the key factor limiting the breakthrough in the age of grouping is the innovation and breakthrough in the fields of theory, concept, idea, experimental method or analytical method, which is the weakest link in the study of molecular ecology in China. The education department of our country should adjust the concept and method of undergraduate training of life science as soon as possible, so as to train the young generation reserve talents with outstanding innovation potential, at the same time, The research project support departments and researchers should not only clearly understand the development situation of the subject, but also adjust their thinking in time, and establish new project management and research ideas.
【作者單位】： 中國(guó)科學(xué)院動(dòng)物研究所;中國(guó)科學(xué)院北京基因組研究所;
【基金】：國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金(30730016) 中國(guó)科學(xué)院先導(dǎo)專項(xiàng)基金(XDB13030200)
【分類號(hào)】：Q149

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