發(fā)布時間：2018-06-03 14:45

  本文選題：生態(tài)表觀組學(xué) + 生態(tài)基因組學(xué)��； 參考：《生物多樣性》2015年05期

【摘要】：分子生態(tài)學(xué)是多學(xué)科交叉的整合性研究領(lǐng)域,是運(yùn)用進(jìn)化生物學(xué)理論解決宏觀生物學(xué)問題的科學(xué)。經(jīng)過半個多世紀(jì)的發(fā)展,本學(xué)科已日趨成熟,它不僅已經(jīng)廣泛滲透到宏觀生物學(xué)的眾多學(xué)科領(lǐng)域,而且已經(jīng)成為連接和融合很多不同學(xué)科的橋梁,是目前最具活力的研究領(lǐng)域之一。其研究的范疇,從最基礎(chǔ)的理論和方法技術(shù),到格局和模式的發(fā)現(xiàn)和描述,到對過程和機(jī)制的深入探討,再到付諸于實踐的行動和規(guī)劃指導(dǎo)等各個層次。分子生態(tài)學(xué)的興起給宏觀生物學(xué)帶來了若干飛躍性的變化,使宏觀生物學(xué)由傳統(tǒng)的以觀察、測量和推理為主的描述性研究轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橐詮纳锖头N群的遺傳構(gòu)成的變化和歷史演化背景上檢驗、證明科學(xué)假設(shè)及揭示機(jī)制和規(guī)律為主的機(jī)制性/解釋性研究,因而使得對具有普遍意義的科學(xué)規(guī)律、生態(tài)和進(jìn)化過程及機(jī)制的探索成為可能。分子生態(tài)學(xué)已經(jīng)進(jìn)入組學(xué)研究時代,這使得闡明復(fù)雜生態(tài)過程、生物地理過程和適應(yīng)性演化過程的機(jī)制性研究由原來難以企及的夢想變成完全可以實現(xiàn)的探求;它也帶來了全新的挑戰(zhàn),其中最有深遠(yuǎn)影響的將是對分子生態(tài)學(xué)研究至關(guān)重要的進(jìn)化生物學(xué)基礎(chǔ)理論方面的突破,例如遺傳變異理論、種群分化理論、表觀遺傳因素的作用,乃至進(jìn)化生物學(xué)的基本知識構(gòu)架等等。這些方面的進(jìn)展必將使宏觀生物學(xué)迎來一場空前的革命,并對生態(tài)學(xué)的所有分支學(xué)科產(chǎn)生重大影響,甚至催生諸如生態(tài)表觀組學(xué)這樣的新分支學(xué)科。對于中國科學(xué)家來說,分子生態(tài)學(xué)組學(xué)時代的開啟,更是一個千載難逢的機(jī)遇,為提出和建立生命科學(xué)的新方法、新假說、新思想和新理論提供了莫大的探索空間——此前我們對宏觀生物學(xué)方法、理論和思想的發(fā)展貢獻(xiàn)很小。然而,限制組學(xué)時代重大突破的關(guān)鍵因素是理論、概念、理念、實驗方法或分析方法方面的創(chuàng)新和突破,這正是我國分子生態(tài)學(xué)研究最薄弱的環(huán)節(jié)。我國教育部門應(yīng)盡快調(diào)整生命科學(xué)本科生培養(yǎng)的理念和方法,以培養(yǎng)具備突出創(chuàng)新潛力的年輕一代后備人才;同時,科研項目資助部門和研究人員不僅應(yīng)清醒地認(rèn)識本學(xué)科領(lǐng)域的發(fā)展態(tài)勢,更要及時調(diào)整思路,樹立新的項目管理理念和治學(xué)理念。
[Abstract]:Molecular ecology is a multidisciplinary and integrated research field. It is the science of applying evolutionary biology theory to solve macrobiological problems. After more than half a century of development, the subject has become more and more mature. It has not only penetrated into many fields of macrobiology, but also has become a bridge to connect and integrate many different disciplines. It is one of the most dynamic research fields at present. The scope of its research is from the most basic theory and method technology to the discovery and description of pattern and pattern to the deep discussion of the process and mechanism to the practical action and planning guidance and so on. The rise of molecular ecology has brought a number of leaps and bounds to macrobiology, which has made macrobiology from traditional observation. Descriptive research based on measurement and reasoning has been transformed into institutional / explanatory research based on the genetic changes and historical evolution of organisms and populations, proving scientific assumptions and revealing mechanisms and laws. This makes it possible to explore the scientific laws, ecological and evolutionary processes and mechanisms of universal significance. Molecular ecology has entered the age of cluster study, which makes the systematic research of complex ecological process, biogeographic process and adaptive evolution process change from the original dream which is difficult to achieve to the exploration that can be completely realized. It also presents new challenges, the most far-reaching of which will be breakthroughs in the basic theories of evolutionary biology that are crucial to the study of molecular ecology, such as the theory of genetic variation, the theory of population differentiation, the role of epigenetic factors, Even the basic knowledge structure of evolutionary biology and so on. The progress in these fields will make macrobiology usher in an unprecedented revolution, and have a great influence on all branches of ecology, and even give birth to new branches such as ecological epigenetics. For Chinese scientists, the beginning of the era of molecular ecology is a rare opportunity to propose and establish new methods of life science, a new hypothesis, New ideas and new theories provide a great space for exploration-previously we have made little contribution to the development of macrobiological methods, theories and ideas. However, the key factor limiting the breakthrough in the age of grouping is the innovation and breakthrough in the fields of theory, concept, idea, experimental method or analytical method, which is the weakest link in the study of molecular ecology in China. The education department of our country should adjust the concept and method of undergraduate training of life science as soon as possible, so as to train the young generation reserve talents with outstanding innovation potential, at the same time, The research project support departments and researchers should not only clearly understand the development situation of the subject, but also adjust their thinking in time, and establish new project management and research ideas.
【作者單位】： 中國科學(xué)院動物研究所;中國科學(xué)院北京基因組研究所;
【基金】：國家自然科學(xué)基金(30730016) 中國科學(xué)院先導(dǎo)專項基金(XDB13030200)
【分類號】：Q149

【相似文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 劉學(xué)鋒，李向群;《分子生態(tài)學(xué)》簡介[J];病毒學(xué)報;1994年04期

2 林雨霖,向近敏,劉學(xué)鋒,周峰,杰克遜,向連濱;分子生態(tài)學(xué)發(fā)展的前提和條件[J];中國微生態(tài)學(xué)雜志;1997年01期

3 呂杰;;生態(tài)學(xué)專業(yè)開設(shè)分子生態(tài)學(xué)課程的教學(xué)探討[J];科教導(dǎo)刊(上旬刊);2013年12期

4 朱善良;生態(tài)學(xué)研究的新領(lǐng)域——分子生態(tài)學(xué)[J];生物學(xué)雜志;2000年03期

5 周材權(quán),廖詠梅,何成蓉;分子生態(tài)學(xué)研究途徑及其應(yīng)用[J];西華師范大學(xué)學(xué)報(自然科學(xué)版);2005年02期

6 劉亞鋒,山寶琴,劉亞惠;分子生態(tài)學(xué)及其研究進(jìn)展[J];延安大學(xué)學(xué)報(自然科學(xué)版);2005年01期

7 黃瑞林,印遇龍,侯振平,李鐵軍;分子生態(tài)學(xué)的興起與應(yīng)用[J];廣西農(nóng)業(yè)生物科學(xué);2005年01期

8 張程;謝宜勤;;分子生態(tài)學(xué)研究現(xiàn)狀和發(fā)展趨勢[J];安徽農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué);2011年16期

9 康樂,張民照;分子生態(tài)學(xué)的興起、研究熱點(diǎn)和展望[J];中國科學(xué)院院刊;1995年04期

10 閻秀峰,高亦珂;全國首屆植物分子生態(tài)學(xué)學(xué)術(shù)研討會會議紀(jì)要[J];Acta Botanica Sinica;1997年02期

相關(guān)會議論文 前4條

1 王小明;崔雨新;梁云媚;應(yīng)韶荃;;分子生態(tài)學(xué)及其研究方法[A];動物學(xué)專輯——上海市動物學(xué)會1997年年會論文集[C];1997年

2 周材權(quán);;分子生態(tài)學(xué)的產(chǎn)生和研究途徑[A];四川省動物學(xué)會第八次會員代表大會暨第九次學(xué)術(shù)年會論文集[C];2004年

3 張德興;;分子生態(tài)學(xué)研究:現(xiàn)狀和前景[A];當(dāng)代昆蟲學(xué)研究——中國昆蟲學(xué)會成立60周年紀(jì)念大會暨學(xué)術(shù)討論會論文集[C];2004年

4 李媛;崔尚金;李建偉;于康震;;分子生態(tài)學(xué)與生物信息學(xué)[A];中國畜牧獸醫(yī)學(xué)會禽病學(xué)分會第十一次學(xué)術(shù)研討會論文集[C];2002年

相關(guān)重要報紙文章 前1條

1 蔣明;邁向新世紀(jì)的分子生態(tài)學(xué)[N];人民日報海外版;2001年

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 楊朝暉;基于分子生態(tài)學(xué)技術(shù)的環(huán)境微生物群落結(jié)構(gòu)與功能的研究[D];湖南大學(xué);2007年

，

本文編號：1973163