本文選題：BIM　切入點(diǎn)：工程計(jì)價(jià)　出處：《北京交通大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：建筑行業(yè)的快速發(fā)展使得傳統(tǒng)工程造價(jià)管理在項(xiàng)目應(yīng)用中問(wèn)題日漸突出,前期為解決工程計(jì)價(jià)工作中的不合理,我國(guó)自2008年開始普及工程量清單計(jì)價(jià)模式,然而,工作方法及工作模式的劣勢(shì),使得這類工程計(jì)價(jià)模式及計(jì)價(jià)軟件仍存在較多問(wèn)題及缺陷。建筑行業(yè)高新技術(shù)的發(fā)展以及管理理念的更新為我國(guó)工程計(jì)價(jià)領(lǐng)域的發(fā)展提供了良好的契機(jī),其中BIM創(chuàng)建三維模型,在模型構(gòu)件及有關(guān)軟件中集成項(xiàng)目各類工程信息,可提高工程計(jì)價(jià)工作的精確性及效率。但是,BIM應(yīng)用于工程計(jì)價(jià)工作中仍然存在諸多阻礙因素,如合同問(wèn)題、人才問(wèn)題、管理模式問(wèn)題,同樣重要的還有其模型的復(fù)用性較差,難以真正做到全生命期的項(xiàng)目管理,但其可以準(zhǔn)確計(jì)量、自動(dòng)應(yīng)對(duì)設(shè)計(jì)變更等優(yōu)勢(shì),又有利于項(xiàng)目計(jì)價(jià)工作。本文基于BIM結(jié)構(gòu)、我國(guó)工程量清單項(xiàng)目分類以及BIM技術(shù)進(jìn)行了多層級(jí)工程量清單構(gòu)建研究,旨在解決我國(guó)目前工程計(jì)價(jià)領(lǐng)域中應(yīng)用BIM存在的問(wèn)題和缺陷,實(shí)現(xiàn)工程項(xiàng)目項(xiàng)目全生命期的造價(jià)管理工作。本文首先分析IFC標(biāo)準(zhǔn)可表達(dá)的數(shù)據(jù)類型以及BIM標(biāo)準(zhǔn)需求數(shù)據(jù)類型,與我國(guó)工程量清單計(jì)價(jià)原理與數(shù)據(jù)類型比較,發(fā)現(xiàn)基于BIM進(jìn)行工程計(jì)價(jià)所需數(shù)據(jù)以及可實(shí)現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)類型。通過(guò)分析BIM應(yīng)用于我國(guó)工程造價(jià)軟件中的問(wèn)題,發(fā)現(xiàn)目前BIM計(jì)價(jià)類型軟件的局限性問(wèn)題以及解決問(wèn)題的方法,即全生命期工程量清單的創(chuàng)建。通過(guò)對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)外工程分類編碼體系的研究比較,發(fā)現(xiàn)多層及工程量清單的構(gòu)建依據(jù)以及各層級(jí)的主要分解維度,利用Masterformat和Uniformat的分解維度和方法,構(gòu)建多層級(jí)工程量清單,并在各層級(jí)工程量清單中定義編碼、項(xiàng)目特征、計(jì)量規(guī)則等內(nèi)容。本文的研究表明基于BIM進(jìn)行工程計(jì)價(jià)工作是可以實(shí)現(xiàn)的,基于本文的工程量清單可以利用BIM進(jìn)行全生命期工程計(jì)價(jià)工作,有利于實(shí)現(xiàn)工程項(xiàng)目的全生命期程造價(jià)管理,對(duì)開發(fā)適用于我國(guó)的BIM相關(guān)工程軟件有著一定的指導(dǎo)作用。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of construction industry, the problems of traditional engineering cost management in project application become more and more prominent. In order to solve the irrationality of engineering valuation, China has popularized the valuation mode of bill of quantities since 2008. Disadvantages of working methods and modes of work, This kind of engineering pricing model and software still have many problems and defects. The development of high and new technology in construction industry and the renewal of management concept provide a good opportunity for the development of engineering valuation field in China. Among them, BIM creates three-dimensional model. The integration of all kinds of project information in model components and related software can improve the accuracy and efficiency of engineering valuation. However, there are still many obstacles in the application of BIM in engineering valuation, such as contract problems, human resources problems, etc. The problem of management mode is also important to the poor reuse of its model, which is difficult to truly achieve the project management of the whole life cycle, but it can accurately measure and automatically respond to the advantages of design changes, etc. Based on the BIM structure, the project classification of the bill of quantities in China and the technology of BIM are studied in this paper. The purpose of this paper is to solve the existing problems and defects in the application of BIM in the field of engineering valuation in China, and to realize the cost management of the whole life cycle of the project. Firstly, this paper analyzes the data types that can be expressed by the IFC standard and the data types required by the BIM standard. Comparing with the valuation principle and data type of bill of quantities in China, it is found that the data needed for engineering valuation based on BIM and the data types can be realized. By analyzing the problems in the application of BIM in the software of engineering cost in China, Find out the limitation problem of BIM valuation type software at present and the method to solve the problem, that is, the creation of the bill of quantities in the whole life period, through the research and comparison of the domestic and foreign engineering classification coding system, We find the basis of constructing multilayer and bill of quantities and the main decomposition dimension of each level. Using the decomposition dimension and method of Masterformat and Uniformat, we construct the multilevel bill of quantities, and define the coding and item characteristics in each level of bill of quantities. The research of this paper shows that the engineering valuation work based on BIM can be realized, and based on the bill of quantities of this paper, the whole life cycle engineering valuation can be carried out by using BIM. It is propitious to realize the whole life course cost management of the engineering project and has certain guiding function to develop the BIM related engineering software which is suitable for our country.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TU17;TU723.3

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