本文選題：項(xiàng)目　切入點(diǎn)：施工成本　出處：《吉林大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：1978年后,我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)水平顯著提高,各行業(yè)發(fā)展速度猛增,其中也包括建筑行業(yè),該行業(yè)的發(fā)展速度一直領(lǐng)先其他行業(yè),建筑項(xiàng)目數(shù)量的增加,促進(jìn)了當(dāng)?shù)亟?jīng)濟(jì)的高速發(fā)展,但當(dāng)?shù)氐馁Y源也逐漸減少,政府部門、建筑公司等越來(lái)越重視成本問題,如今,建筑市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)越發(fā)激烈及受全球經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)的影響,公司不得不在成本管控方面投入時(shí)間和精力,制定有效方法來(lái)管控成本,特別是在項(xiàng)目進(jìn)行過(guò)程中,成本管控工作顯得格外重要,首先,它不但能夠提高公司的收益,而且還能夠提升公司成本管控的能力,采取恰當(dāng)措施來(lái)彌補(bǔ)施工中資源的使用,不但能夠確保公司再生產(chǎn)能力,而且還能夠促進(jìn)公司可持續(xù)發(fā)展,減少費(fèi)用開支,增多公司收益,確保公司在市場(chǎng)中的優(yōu)勢(shì)地位。本文的研究對(duì)象是沈陽(yáng)工程學(xué)院教師公寓樓建設(shè)項(xiàng)目,研究?jī)?nèi)容是成本管控,就如今公司在成本管控方面出現(xiàn)的不足,提出一些實(shí)踐性強(qiáng)的改善辦法,以便為后續(xù)階段項(xiàng)目成本管控給予指導(dǎo),為公司創(chuàng)建管控系統(tǒng)打下基礎(chǔ),本文首先簡(jiǎn)單描述了如今我國(guó)建筑業(yè)發(fā)展情況及成本管控能力,和在目前環(huán)境下對(duì)成本管控進(jìn)行探討的實(shí)際作用,隨后,對(duì)成本管控的含義進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單描述,總結(jié)了國(guó)外和國(guó)內(nèi)的研究情況,提出了該論文借鑒的研究方法;接著,詳細(xì)闡明了目前該項(xiàng)目成本管控面臨的諸多問題,并對(duì)問題出現(xiàn)的原因做了詳細(xì)分析;最后,在上述研究基礎(chǔ)上,本文給出了成本管控有效地改善辦法,類似的工程項(xiàng)目可以借用這些方法來(lái)處理成本管控方面的問題,以便更好地開展下一步工作。本文主要包含五部分內(nèi)容,第一部分總論,主要是對(duì)選題背景、選題意義、國(guó)內(nèi)項(xiàng)目工程成本控制研究現(xiàn)狀、國(guó)外項(xiàng)目工程成本控制研究現(xiàn)狀以及研究方法進(jìn)行細(xì)致的分析和論述;第二部分工程項(xiàng)目成本控制概述,主要包括項(xiàng)目施工成本控制的方法以及項(xiàng)目施工成本的構(gòu)成。并從工程事先能動(dòng)性、綜合優(yōu)化性、動(dòng)態(tài)跟蹤性以及內(nèi)容適應(yīng)性四個(gè)方面介紹了工程項(xiàng)目成本控制特點(diǎn),在這一部分還對(duì)教師公寓樓成本管控與普通工程項(xiàng)目成本管控的不同點(diǎn)進(jìn)行分析,接著對(duì)工期對(duì)建筑工程項(xiàng)目施工成本的影響、不可預(yù)測(cè)因素對(duì)建筑工程項(xiàng)目施工成本的影響以及資源配置與平面布置對(duì)項(xiàng)目施工成本的影響進(jìn)行闡述。第三部分沈陽(yáng)工程學(xué)院教師公寓建設(shè)項(xiàng)目成本計(jì)劃及成本控制要素,主要包括沈陽(yáng)工程學(xué)院教師公寓樓項(xiàng)目概況、項(xiàng)目成本計(jì)劃情況,并從人工成本控制、材料成本控制、機(jī)械成本控制、分包工程成本控制和加強(qiáng)簽證、修改項(xiàng)目管理等方面之處項(xiàng)目成本控制概況。第四部分沈陽(yáng)工程學(xué)院教師公寓樓建設(shè)項(xiàng)目成本管理存在的問題及原因分析,得出成本管理目前存在的幾點(diǎn)大問題是:成本管控意識(shí)不夠,核算走形式現(xiàn)象普遍、不具備可操作的成本管控標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、不具備人人參與的成本管理觀念,及相應(yīng)的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)機(jī)制、不具備完整、明確的成本責(zé)任制以及合同管理不當(dāng):部門合同管理不完善,合同執(zhí)行力不高等等。教師公寓樓成本管理存在問題的原因主要包括成本管控意識(shí)不強(qiáng),控制成本缺乏長(zhǎng)期性和戰(zhàn)略性、成本制度的創(chuàng)建未引起足夠的重視、未具備科學(xué)的成本管控方法等等。第五部分沈陽(yáng)工程學(xué)院教師公寓樓建設(shè)項(xiàng)目施工成本控制策略,主要包括培養(yǎng)成本控制意識(shí)、提高員工素質(zhì)、創(chuàng)建科學(xué)的項(xiàng)目成本管控系統(tǒng)、規(guī)范成本管控工作、健全規(guī)章制度、確定成本管控的關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)以及進(jìn)行成本的動(dòng)態(tài)、同步管控。通過(guò)系統(tǒng)的分析,使得沈陽(yáng)工程學(xué)院教師公寓樓項(xiàng)目的成本管理處于受控狀態(tài)。
[Abstract]:After 1978, China's economic level increased significantly, the industry growth rate soared, including the construction industry, the development speed of the industry has been ahead of other industries, increase the number of construction projects, and promote the rapid development of the local economy, but the local resources gradually reduced, government departments pay more and more attention to the cost of construction company now, the construction market competition is more intense and affected by the global economic crisis, companies have to invest time and effort in terms of cost control, to develop effective methods to control the cost, especially in the process of project cost control work is particularly important, first of all, it can not only improve the company's profit ability, but also to enhance the company's cost control, to take appropriate measures to make up for the use of construction resources, can not only ensure the company production capacity, but also to promote the company Sustainable development, reduce expenses, increase the revenue of the company, ensure the company dominant position in the market. The research object of this paper is the Shenyang Institute of Engineering teachers apartment building project, the research content is the lack of cost control, now the company in terms of cost control, and puts forward some practical measures to improve, to give guidance for the follow-up stage the project cost control and management system for the company to create the foundation of this paper describes the development of China's construction industry and cost control ability, and in the actual effect, the current environment of cost control are discussed followed by a simple description of the meaning of cost control, summarizes the foreign and domestic research situation. The research methods in the thesis; then, elaborates the current problems in the project cost control is facing, and the problems of the original For a detailed analysis; finally, on the basis of the research above, this paper gives the cost control effectively to improve the way, similar projects can use these methods to deal with cost control problems, in order to better carry out the next step. This paper mainly consists of five parts, the first part, mainly is the significance of the topic on the background, research status of the project cost control at home and abroad, the project cost control research status and research methods are analyzed and discussed in detail; the second part takes the cost control of engineering project, including the project construction cost control and construction cost of the project. And the project advance initiative, comprehensive optimization the characteristics of the project cost control, the dynamic tracking and content adaptation of four aspects in this part of the teachers apartment building cost control Different with the general engineering project cost control are analyzed, then the influence of time on the construction of the project construction cost, can not affect the predictive factors for the construction project construction cost and resource allocation and layout to elaborate on the impact of the project construction cost. Elements of cost plan and cost control third part of Shenyang Institute of Engineering teachers apartment construction project it mainly includes the general situation, Shenyang Institute of Engineering teachers apartment building project, project cost plan, and from the labor cost control, material cost control, machinery cost control, subcontract cost control and strengthen the visa, modify the project management and other aspects of the project cost control situation. The fourth part is about existing problems of Shenyang Institute of Engineering teachers' apartment building construction project cost management and get some problems existing in cost management is cost control Awareness is not enough, accounting formality phenomenon, does not have the operational cost control standard, do not have everyone involved in the concept of cost management, and the corresponding incentive mechanism, does not have the complete, clear the cost responsibility system and contract management: improper Department contract management is not perfect, the contract execution is not higher. Reasons of teachers' apartment building the cost management of the existing problems mainly include the cost control consciousness is not strong, the lack of long-term and strategic cost control, create cost system did not cause enough attention, do not have the scientific method of cost control of construction cost control strategy etc. the fifth part of Shenyang Institute of Engineering teachers apartment building construction project, including cost control awareness, improve the quality of the staff. The project cost control system to create a scientific, standardized cost control work, improve rules and regulations, determine the cost control key points and The cost dynamics and synchronization control. Through the system analysis, the cost management of the Shenyang Institute of Engineering apartment building project is in a controlled state.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TU723.3

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