【摘要】：國際競爭力一詞的出現(xiàn)是世界經(jīng)濟格局變化與演進的產(chǎn)物,是世界經(jīng)濟一體化進程加速的重要體現(xiàn)。產(chǎn)業(yè)國際競爭力是一個由國際競爭力衍生而來的概念,從產(chǎn)業(yè)的投入與產(chǎn)出角度出發(fā),通過對某一國家的某一產(chǎn)業(yè)的國際競爭力進行比較與評價,分析產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展規(guī)律,發(fā)現(xiàn)影響產(chǎn)業(yè)國際競爭力的主要因素,可以為提高產(chǎn)業(yè)國際競爭力提供政策建議。中國作為世界第一人口大國,食品加工業(yè)承擔著為國民提供安全、健康、營養(yǎng)食品的重任,是保障國計民生和國民經(jīng)濟正常運行的基礎(chǔ)產(chǎn)業(yè),但中國食品加工業(yè)自主創(chuàng)新能力較弱、部分領(lǐng)域產(chǎn)能過剩、食品安全問題突出。美國食品產(chǎn)品在西方發(fā)達國家中具有較強的國際競爭力,對世界食品加工業(yè)具有重要的影響,系統(tǒng)研究美國食品加工業(yè)國際競爭力具有重要的理論和現(xiàn)實意義。本研究旨在回答以下3個理論和實踐問題:(1)產(chǎn)業(yè)國際競爭力形成的理論基礎(chǔ)是什么,如何對其進行系統(tǒng)分析評價?(2)美國食品加工業(yè)發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀及其國際競爭力表現(xiàn)如何?(3)影響美國食品加工業(yè)國際競爭力表現(xiàn)的因素包含哪些方面,有何影響?為了回答上述核心研究問題,本研究主要從以下幾個方面進行。首先,問題提出部分:該部分在梳理現(xiàn)實背景與研究現(xiàn)狀的基礎(chǔ)上,提出主要研究內(nèi)容以及研究路線等,主要集中在第1章中。其次,研究主體部分,該部分為本研究的核心,通過對產(chǎn)業(yè)國際競爭力相關(guān)理論的分析形成本研究的理論框架與分析方法基礎(chǔ),進而詳細分析美國食品加工業(yè)及其產(chǎn)業(yè)國際競爭力表現(xiàn)形式、形成的基礎(chǔ)和條件、影響因素等,力求比較全面地展示美國食品加工業(yè)國際競爭力及其背后的產(chǎn)業(yè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。最后一部分為論文的政策建議部分,總結(jié)美國食品加工業(yè)提升國際競爭力的主要經(jīng)驗,對中國食品加工業(yè)發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀進行分析,提出提升中國食品加工業(yè)國際競爭力的相關(guān)政策建議。本文的主要研究內(nèi)容、章節(jié)安排、研究結(jié)論和發(fā)現(xiàn)如下。第1章“緒論”部分主要交待研究背景、研究目的以及研究方法。食品加工業(yè)承擔著為國民提供安全、健康、營養(yǎng)食品的重任,是保障國計民生和國民經(jīng)濟正常運行的基礎(chǔ)產(chǎn)業(yè)。近年來,我國食品加工業(yè)加大了產(chǎn)品研發(fā)力度,積極進行技術(shù)升級,食品加工業(yè)取得了長足發(fā)展,但也存在發(fā)展方式粗放、食品安全形勢不容樂觀等問題。在對理論背景、現(xiàn)實背景的梳理與分析基礎(chǔ)上,交待本研究開展的大背景。從提高中國食品加工業(yè)國際競爭力這一現(xiàn)實問題入手,以產(chǎn)業(yè)國際競爭力研究范式為方法論基礎(chǔ),筆者通過對具有國際代表性的美國食品加工業(yè)國際競爭力進行研究,對提高中國食品加工業(yè)國際競爭力具有重要的借鑒意義。第2章“產(chǎn)業(yè)國際競爭力及相關(guān)理論分析”對產(chǎn)業(yè)國際競爭力及相關(guān)理論分析進行系統(tǒng)梳理、回顧,形成本研究的理論基礎(chǔ)。本章第一節(jié)對產(chǎn)業(yè)國際競爭力概念進行深入分析,從產(chǎn)業(yè)定義出發(fā),明晰產(chǎn)業(yè)范疇,并明確產(chǎn)業(yè)國際競爭力就是一個國家某一產(chǎn)業(yè)在現(xiàn)有國際市場環(huán)境下,在國際以及國內(nèi)市場與制度安排下,通過對資源與要素的配置與轉(zhuǎn)換,持續(xù)滿足消費者需求,并促使產(chǎn)業(yè)實現(xiàn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的能力。接下來,本章對古典貿(mào)易理論、新古典貿(mào)易理論、新貿(mào)易理論等有關(guān)產(chǎn)業(yè)國際競爭力的國際貿(mào)易理論進行回顧與綜述,進一步探索國際競爭力的形成來源與機制。在此基礎(chǔ)上,重點回顧波特教授的國家競爭優(yōu)勢理論,分析影響一國在國際市場上建立和保持國際競爭優(yōu)勢的變量主要包括生產(chǎn)要素、需求條件、相關(guān)產(chǎn)業(yè)與支持產(chǎn)業(yè)及企業(yè)戰(zhàn)略、結(jié)構(gòu)和競爭等四大要素,為后續(xù)分析美國食品加工業(yè)國際競爭力提供理論依據(jù)。第3章“美國食品加工業(yè)及其國際競爭力表現(xiàn)形式”主要考察美國食品加工業(yè)發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀以及美國食品加工業(yè)國際競爭力表現(xiàn)形式。具體來說,本章首先對食品加工業(yè)進行界定,從美國食品加工業(yè)總體規(guī)模和內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)變動、要素投入狀況、研發(fā)投入狀況以及內(nèi)外部市場需求狀況等方面分析美國食品加工業(yè)整體發(fā)展情況。在此基礎(chǔ)上,具體分析美國在全球食品加工業(yè)進出口市場所占份額、食品加工業(yè)貿(mào)易順差以及大型食品加工跨國企業(yè)市場表現(xiàn)等國際競爭力的具體表現(xiàn)。第4章“美國食品加工業(yè)國際競爭力形成基礎(chǔ)和條件”對美國食品加工業(yè)國際競爭力形成的基礎(chǔ)條件進行了分析。美國食品加工業(yè)在美國國民經(jīng)濟中占有重要地位,對美國失業(yè)率的降低貢獻顯著,并且對世界食品生產(chǎn)、食品質(zhì)量和食品貿(mào)易產(chǎn)生了重要影響。究其原因,這與美國整體經(jīng)濟和科技發(fā)展水平緊密相關(guān),同時美國食品加工業(yè)在國際上的較強競爭力與自然條件、勞動力素質(zhì)、生產(chǎn)技術(shù)等優(yōu)勢條件密不可分,或者說,這些條件一定程度上可以視作美國制造業(yè)國際競爭力形成的基礎(chǔ)。本研究分別從美國的自然條件和自然資源、勞動力素質(zhì)、科技發(fā)展水平以及工業(yè)生產(chǎn)集中化程度四個方面進行剖析。第5章“美國食品加工業(yè)國際競爭力影響因素分析”從美國食品加工業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)入手分析對其國際競爭力產(chǎn)生影響的主要因素。美國食品加工業(yè)國際競爭力的形成與維持離不開其賴以生存的產(chǎn)業(yè)生態(tài)環(huán)境。為了進一步剖析美國食品加工業(yè)國際競爭力影響因素,筆者以波特教授的“鉆石模型”為框架,系統(tǒng)分析了由人力資本要素、資本要素、技術(shù)要素等構(gòu)成的生產(chǎn)要素體系,由國內(nèi)市場以及國際市場構(gòu)成的市場需求,由物流運輸業(yè)與包裝業(yè)等組成的相關(guān)支持產(chǎn)業(yè)以及政府制度安排與監(jiān)管等對美國食品加工業(yè)國際競爭力產(chǎn)生的具體影響。第6章“美國食品加工業(yè)國際競爭力績效評價”從美國食品加工業(yè)對外貿(mào)易角度考察其國際競爭力,采用顯示性比較優(yōu)勢指數(shù)(RCA)和貿(mào)易競爭指數(shù)(TC)作為具體評測手段考察美國食品加工業(yè)國際競爭力,同時對美國的RCA和TC指數(shù)與選定的一些發(fā)達國家進行比較,橫向分析美國食品加工業(yè)的國際競爭力。結(jié)果顯示在2000-2006年間,美國食品加工業(yè)出口處于顯示性比較劣勢地位,而在2007-2013年間,美國食品加工業(yè)出口表現(xiàn)為顯示性比較優(yōu)勢。美國食品加工業(yè)競爭力指數(shù)在2000-2005年間呈現(xiàn)下滑的趨勢,由2000年的0.01降至2005年的-0.07,而后其競爭力指數(shù)則出現(xiàn)了較為快速的提升,在2008年達到觀測期最大值0.1,美國食品加工業(yè)-0.07到0.1之間的振幅基本上可以視作美國食品加工業(yè)的進出口貿(mào)易剛好平衡,美國在大量出口食品的同時,也在大量地進口食品。第7章“美國食品加工業(yè)國際競爭力形成的經(jīng)驗及其對我國的啟示”在總結(jié)美國食品加工業(yè)提升國際競爭力主要經(jīng)驗的基礎(chǔ)上,分析我國食品加工業(yè)發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀并提出相關(guān)政策建議。通過強化食品安全監(jiān)管,提高技術(shù)創(chuàng)新水平,促進相關(guān)產(chǎn)業(yè)協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展,提高企業(yè)效率,美國食品加工業(yè)國際競爭力得到了提升。經(jīng)過60多年的發(fā)展,我國食品加工業(yè)雖然取得了很大成績,但也面臨食品安全問題頻發(fā)、產(chǎn)能過剩以及自主創(chuàng)新能力薄弱等問題。針對我國食品加工業(yè)存在的不足,筆者分別從食品安全監(jiān)管、提高自主創(chuàng)新能力、產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈建設(shè)以及企業(yè)兼并重組等幾個方面提出了一些政策建議,以期為提高我國食品加工業(yè)國際競爭力提供借鑒。
[Abstract]:The emergence of the term international competitiveness is the product of the change and evolution of the world economic pattern and an important embodiment of the acceleration of the process of world economic integration. Comparing and evaluating, analyzing the law of industrial development, finding out the main factors affecting the international competitiveness of industry can provide policy suggestions for improving the international competitiveness of industry. The US food products have strong international competitiveness in the western developed countries and have an important impact on the world food processing industry. Systematic research on the international competitiveness of the US food processing industry is of great significance. The purpose of this study is to answer the following three theoretical and practical questions: (1) What is the theoretical basis for the formation of international competitiveness of industry, and how to make a systematic analysis and evaluation of it? (2) What is the current situation of the development of food processing industry in the United States and its international competitiveness? (3) How does it affect the performance of international competitiveness of food processing industry in the United States? In order to answer the above-mentioned core research questions, this study mainly proceeds from the following aspects. First of all, this part puts forward the main research contents and research routes on the basis of combing the realistic background and research status quo, mainly concentrated in Chapter 1. Secondly, the main part of the study. This part is the core of this study. Through the analysis of the relevant theories of industrial international competitiveness, the theoretical framework and analytical method foundation of this study are formed, and then the manifestations of the international competitiveness of American food processing industry and its industry are analyzed in detail, the basis and conditions for its formation, the influencing factors and so on, in order to display the American food additions in a more comprehensive way. The last part is the policy suggestion part of the paper. It summarizes the main experience of American food processing industry in enhancing international competitiveness, analyzes the current situation of China's food processing industry, and puts forward relevant policy suggestions to enhance the international competitiveness of China's food processing industry. Chapter 1 "Introduction" mainly describes the research background, research purposes and research methods. Food processing industry undertakes the responsibility of providing safe, healthy and nutritious food for the people. It is the basic industry to ensure the national economy and the people's livelihood and the normal operation of the national economy. Industry has intensified product research and development, actively carried out technological upgrading, food processing industry has made considerable progress, but there are also extensive development methods, food safety situation is not optimistic and other issues. Starting with the realistic problem of competitiveness and based on the research paradigm of industrial international competitiveness as the methodology, the author studies the international competitiveness of the food processing industry in the United States, which is representative of the world, and it is of great significance to improve the international competitiveness of China's food processing industry. The first section of this chapter makes an in-depth analysis of the concept of industrial international competitiveness, starting from the definition of industry, clarifies the industrial category, and makes it clear that industrial international competitiveness is the existing international market environment of an industry in a country. Under the international and domestic market and institutional arrangements, through the allocation and transformation of resources and factors, to continue to meet consumer demand and promote the sustainable development of industries. Next, this chapter carries out the classical trade theory, neo-classical trade theory, new trade theory and other international competitiveness of industries. On the basis of reviewing and summarizing, this paper further explores the origin and mechanism of international competitiveness. Chapter 3 "American Food Processing Industry and Its Forms of International Competitiveness" mainly inspects the present situation of American food processing industry and the forms of international competitiveness of American food processing industry. This paper defines the food processing industry in the United States and analyzes the overall development of the food processing industry in the United States in terms of its overall scale and internal structural changes, factor input, R&D input and internal and external market demand. Chapter 4 "Foundations and Conditions for Forming International Competitiveness of American Food Processing Industry" analyzes the basic conditions for forming international competitiveness of American food processing industry. It plays an important role in reducing the unemployment rate of the United States and has a significant impact on world food production, food quality and food trade. The reason is that it is closely related to the overall economic and technological development level of the United States. At the same time, the strong competitiveness of the United States food processing industry in the world and the natural conditions, the quality of the labor force, and the livelihood. In this study, the natural conditions and natural resources, the quality of labor force, the level of scientific and Technological Development and the degree of concentration of industrial production in the United States were analyzed. Analysis of the Influencing Factors of the International Competitiveness of the Food Processing Industry in the United States Based on Professor Porter's Diamond Model, the author systematically analyzes the factors of production, including human capital, capital and technology, the market demand of domestic and international markets, the related supporting industries and government system composed of logistics, transportation and packaging industries. Chapter 6 "Performance Evaluation of International Competitiveness of American Food Processing Industry" examines the international competitiveness of American food processing industry from the perspective of foreign trade, using RCA and TC as specific evaluation tools. This paper examines the international competitiveness of the food processing industry in the United States and compares the RCA and TC indices of the United States with those of selected developed countries to analyze the international competitiveness of the food processing industry in the United States. The competitiveness index of the US food processing industry declined from 0.01 in 2000 to - 0.07 in 2005, and then its competitiveness index increased rapidly, reaching a maximum of 0.1 in 2008 and a vibration between - 0.07 and 0.1 in the US food processing industry. Chapter 7 "Experiences in the Formation of International Competitiveness of Food Processing Industry in the United States and Its Enlightenment to China" summarizes the main experience of improving international competitiveness of food processing industry in the United States. Based on the analysis of the current situation of China's food processing industry, this paper puts forward relevant policy recommendations. Through strengthening food safety supervision, improving the level of technological innovation, promoting the coordinated development of related industries and improving enterprise efficiency, the international competitiveness of the food processing industry in the United States has been enhanced. After more than 60 years of development, China's food processing industry has made great progress. In view of the shortcomings of China's food processing industry, the author puts forward some policy suggestions from the aspects of food safety supervision, improving the ability of independent innovation, industrial chain construction and merger and reorganization of enterprises in order to improve myself. The international competitiveness of China's food processing industry can be used for reference.
【學位授予單位】：吉林大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：F416.82

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