【摘要】：近年來,隨著能源的綠色化、高效化、可持續(xù)化的觀念深入人心,電動叉車以其易操作、噪聲小、無污染等優(yōu)點被廣泛應(yīng)用于機場、倉庫、食品、微電子等場所。在物流行業(yè)飛速發(fā)展的今天,電動叉車的購買量逐年穩(wěn)定增加。而電動叉車堆放貨物時,其舉升系統(tǒng)頻繁的上下往復(fù)作業(yè),將重力勢能持續(xù)轉(zhuǎn)化為熱能,耗散在液壓系統(tǒng)中,從而造成液壓系統(tǒng)的溫升,降低液壓元器件的使用性能和壽命等問題。因此對電動叉車的能量回收研究具有廣闊的市場前景和巨大的現(xiàn)實效益,已逐漸成為當前叉車工業(yè)技術(shù)的研究熱點。本文針對以上問題,結(jié)合中央高�；究蒲袠I(yè)務(wù)項目,對電動叉車舉升系統(tǒng)進行勢能回收研究,主要內(nèi)容如下:1、了解叉車及其節(jié)能環(huán)保技術(shù)的歷史研究歷程和發(fā)展,并根據(jù)四支點平衡重2.5 T電動叉車的能耗分布試驗數(shù)據(jù),提出一種基于異步電動機(發(fā)電機)——泵(液壓馬達)——蓄電池的舉升機構(gòu)能量回收技術(shù)方案,并在此基礎(chǔ)上對系統(tǒng)進行理論和技術(shù)方面的研究分析。2、分析叉車的電液系統(tǒng)采用變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)的節(jié)能原理。根據(jù)電動叉車的負載轉(zhuǎn)矩特性以及液壓系統(tǒng)特點,將直接轉(zhuǎn)矩控制技術(shù)應(yīng)用于叉車電液控制系統(tǒng),并配合勢能回收技術(shù)進行綜合研究分析。3、利用異步電動機可做發(fā)電機的工作特性,將蓄電池連接在控制器輸出端,從而實現(xiàn)液電能量的轉(zhuǎn)化并對蓄電池充電,這也是本課題的一個創(chuàng)新之處。根據(jù)電動叉車噸位及節(jié)能技術(shù)方案特點,進行參數(shù)匹配設(shè)計計算,為選擇元器件提供理論依據(jù),并進行試驗臺的搭建。4、采用阿爾泰PCI9602數(shù)據(jù)采集系統(tǒng),進行試驗,驗證該方案的可行性,并研究不同負重、不同轉(zhuǎn)速下勢能回收的效率。試驗結(jié)果表明:在轉(zhuǎn)速1200 r/min,負載增加138 KG,回收的勢能增加1286.82 J,勢能回收效率高達79.29%。通過本文的研究,探討了以蓄電池為儲能元件的節(jié)能技術(shù)及實現(xiàn)方法,并通過試驗研究了勢能回收效率的最佳工況,即馬達轉(zhuǎn)速為1200r/min,為電動叉車的節(jié)能技術(shù)提供了有效的參考,具有一定的實際應(yīng)用價值。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the green, high efficiency and sustainable concept of energy, electric forklift is widely used in airport, warehouse, food, microelectronics and other places with its advantages of easy operation, low noise, no pollution and so on. With the rapid development of logistics industry, the purchase of electric forklift is increasing steadily year by year. When the electric forklift is stacked, the lifting system works up and down frequently, and the gravity potential energy is continuously converted into heat energy, which is dissipated in the hydraulic system, resulting in the temperature rise of the hydraulic system. Reduce the performance and service life of hydraulic components. Therefore, the research on energy recovery of electric forklift has broad market prospect and huge practical benefit, and has gradually become the research hotspot of forklift truck industry technology. In view of the above problems, combined with the basic scientific research business project of the central university, this paper studies the potential energy recovery of the lift system of electric forklift. The main contents are as follows: 1, to understand the history and development of forklift and its energy-saving and environmental protection technology. According to the test data of the energy consumption distribution of the four-fulcrum balanced 2.5T electric forklift truck, a technical scheme of energy recovery for lifting mechanism based on asynchronous motor (generator) -pump (hydraulic motor) -battery is proposed. On the basis of this, the paper analyzes the theory and technology of the system, and analyzes the principle of energy saving in the electro-hydraulic system of forklift truck. According to the load torque characteristic and hydraulic system characteristic of electric forklift, the direct torque control technology is applied to the electro-hydraulic control system of forklift truck. And combined with the potential energy recovery technology for comprehensive research and analysis. 3, using asynchronous motor can be used as generator, the battery is connected to the output end of the controller, thus realizing the conversion of hydraulic and electric energy and charging the battery. This is also an innovation of this topic. According to the characteristics of tonnage and energy saving technical scheme of electric forklift, the parameter matching design calculation is carried out, which provides the theoretical basis for selecting components and components, and carries on the test with Altay PCI9602 data acquisition system. The feasibility of the scheme is verified and the efficiency of potential energy recovery under different load and rotation speed is studied. The results show that at 1200 r / min, the load increases 138kg, the recovered potential energy increases 1286.82 J, and the potential energy recovery efficiency reaches 79.29%. Through the research of this paper, the energy saving technology and realization method of battery as energy storage element are discussed, and the optimum working condition of potential energy recovery efficiency is studied through experiments, that is, motor speed is 1200 rpm, which provides an effective reference for energy saving technology of electric forklift truck. It has certain practical application value.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TH242

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