【摘要】：隨著我國(guó)道路運(yùn)輸業(yè)的發(fā)展,由于半掛汽車(chē)列車(chē)具有裝載運(yùn)輸量大、運(yùn)輸成本低、運(yùn)輸效率高等優(yōu)勢(shì),其在物流運(yùn)輸業(yè)中扮演著越來(lái)越重要的角色。與其他汽車(chē)相比,由于半掛汽車(chē)列車(chē)具有載重量大、縱向尺寸長(zhǎng)、整車(chē)質(zhì)心高等特點(diǎn),并且其整車(chē)操縱穩(wěn)定性受車(chē)輛單元之間相互作用的影響,其失穩(wěn)形式更為復(fù)雜,它在行駛過(guò)程中容易發(fā)生“折疊”、“甩尾”、“橫向擺振”等橫擺失穩(wěn)現(xiàn)象和側(cè)翻失穩(wěn)現(xiàn)象,這將會(huì)引發(fā)嚴(yán)重的交通事故,如何改善和提高半掛汽車(chē)列車(chē)的操縱穩(wěn)定性已成為汽車(chē)廠(chǎng)商和研究單位所追求的目標(biāo)。本文主要通過(guò)研究半掛汽車(chē)列車(chē)操縱穩(wěn)定性客觀(guān)評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)與其結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)的線(xiàn)性關(guān)系,優(yōu)化匹配車(chē)輛結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù),從而提高半掛汽車(chē)列車(chē)操縱穩(wěn)定性。通過(guò)查閱大量相關(guān)資料,選取出半掛汽車(chē)列車(chē)的10個(gè)重要結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù),參考乘用車(chē)操縱穩(wěn)定性客觀(guān)評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)的選取方法,從評(píng)價(jià)方法的實(shí)用性、評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)的客觀(guān)性和車(chē)輛操縱穩(wěn)定性評(píng)價(jià)的可操作性等方面出發(fā),選取四個(gè)操縱穩(wěn)定性客觀(guān)評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)：載荷轉(zhuǎn)移率和靜態(tài)側(cè)翻極限值為側(cè)翻穩(wěn)定性客觀(guān)評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo),側(cè)向加速度后向放大值和牽引車(chē)與半掛車(chē)相對(duì)橫擺角速度為橫擺穩(wěn)定性客觀(guān)評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)�；谲浖⺄ruckSim建立半掛汽車(chē)列車(chē)整車(chē)模型,采用單移線(xiàn)仿真試驗(yàn),依據(jù)客觀(guān)評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo),通過(guò)分析參數(shù)變化對(duì)車(chē)輛操穩(wěn)性的影響,確定了6個(gè)與車(chē)輛匹配的參數(shù)：牽引車(chē)軸距、牽引車(chē)質(zhì)心高度、牽引車(chē)后軸懸架剛度、半掛車(chē)軸距、空載時(shí)半掛車(chē)質(zhì)心離牽引點(diǎn)距離、半掛車(chē)懸架剛度。設(shè)計(jì)正交試驗(yàn),采取最優(yōu)試驗(yàn)方法與次數(shù),得出了半掛汽車(chē)列車(chē)在5種不同載荷情況下,客觀(guān)評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)與結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)的多元線(xiàn)性回歸方程,采用多元線(xiàn)性回歸分析理論,對(duì)線(xiàn)性回歸方程進(jìn)行分析,確定了半掛汽車(chē)列車(chē)的兩個(gè)綜合客觀(guān)評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)：側(cè)翻穩(wěn)定性綜合客觀(guān)評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)與橫擺穩(wěn)定性綜合客觀(guān)評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)。應(yīng)用多目標(biāo)線(xiàn)性規(guī)劃的優(yōu)化方法,以半掛汽車(chē)列車(chē)的側(cè)翻穩(wěn)定性綜合客觀(guān)評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)和橫擺穩(wěn)定性綜合客觀(guān)評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)為目標(biāo)函數(shù),以確定的6個(gè)車(chē)輛參數(shù)為優(yōu)化變量進(jìn)行優(yōu)化,對(duì)比仿真前后結(jié)果,綜合評(píng)價(jià)操穩(wěn)性變化情況,結(jié)果表明,優(yōu)化后車(chē)輛的操縱穩(wěn)定性能得到了較為明顯的改善。
[Abstract]:With the development of road transportation in China, semi-trailer trains play a more and more important role in logistics industry because of their advantages such as large load, low transportation cost and high transportation efficiency. Compared with other vehicles, the semi-trailer train has the characteristics of large load, long longitudinal dimension, high center of mass, and its vehicle handling stability is affected by the interaction between vehicle units, so the instability form is more complex. "folding", "tail-flick", "lateral shimmy" and so on are likely to occur in the course of driving, which will lead to serious traffic accidents. How to improve and improve the handling and stability of semi-trailer trains has become the goal pursued by automobile manufacturers and research units. In this paper, the linear relationship between the objective evaluation index and the structural parameters of the semi-trailer train is studied to optimize the matching of the vehicle structural parameters, so as to improve the handling stability of the semi-trailer train. Through consulting a large number of related data, 10 important structural parameters of semi-trailer train are selected, and the selection method of objective evaluation index of passenger vehicle handling stability is referred to, and the practicability of the evaluation method is analyzed. From the aspects of objectivity of evaluation index and maneuverability of vehicle handling stability evaluation, four objective evaluation indexes of maneuvering stability are selected: load transfer rate and static rollover limit value as objective evaluation index of rollover stability. The lateral acceleration backward magnification value and relative yaw angle velocity between tractor and semitrailer are objective evaluation indexes of yaw stability. Based on the software TruckSim, the vehicle model of semi-trailer train is established, and the simulation test of single moving line is adopted. According to the objective evaluation index, six parameters matching the vehicle are determined by analyzing the influence of the change of parameters on the operating stability of the vehicle, that is, the wheelbase of the tractor. Height of center of mass of tractor, stiffness of rear axle suspension of tractor, wheelbase of semitrailer, distance of centroid from traction point when no load, stiffness of suspension of semitrailer. By designing orthogonal test, adopting the optimal test method and times, the multivariate linear regression equation of objective evaluation index and structural parameters of semi-trailer train under five different loads is obtained, and the theory of multivariate linear regression analysis is adopted. By analyzing the linear regression equation, two comprehensive objective evaluation indexes of the semi-trailer train, namely, the comprehensive objective evaluation index of the rollover stability and the comprehensive objective evaluation index of the yaw stability, are determined. By using the optimization method of multi-objective linear programming, the objective evaluation index of the rolling stability of the semi-trailer train and the objective evaluation index of the yaw stability are taken as the objective functions, and the six vehicle parameters determined are optimized as the optimization variables. Compared with the results before and after simulation, comprehensive evaluation of the operating stability changes, the results show that the optimized vehicle handling and stability performance has been significantly improved.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：昆明理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：U469.5

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本文編號(hào)：2174093