本文選題：生命周期評價(jià) + 動(dòng)力系統(tǒng)　； 參考：《湖南大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)是我國國民經(jīng)濟(jì)的支柱產(chǎn)業(yè),隨著汽車生產(chǎn)量和保有量的日益增加,汽車產(chǎn)品正在對包括資源、環(huán)境以及人類自身在內(nèi)的整個(gè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)造成越來越嚴(yán)重的影響,并對我國的可持續(xù)發(fā)展造成了極大的挑戰(zhàn)。面臨著如此嚴(yán)峻的問題,人們開始將目光轉(zhuǎn)向新能源汽車,特別是電動(dòng)汽車的發(fā)展上。誠然,電動(dòng)汽車的使用不僅降低了對石油能源的消耗,同時(shí)減少了環(huán)境排放,但這只是針對汽車的使用階段而言,而未從全生命周期的視角去定量分析其對資源和環(huán)境造成的總體影響,因此,電動(dòng)汽車是否真正節(jié)能減排尚需進(jìn)一步討論。在此背景下,本文引入生命周期評價(jià)理論與方法,運(yùn)用生命周期評價(jià)軟件GaBi對某特定純電動(dòng)汽車和燃油汽車動(dòng)力系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行建模與分析,并采用相應(yīng)的評價(jià)方法進(jìn)行全生命周期評價(jià)計(jì)算,以期對電動(dòng)汽車是否具有節(jié)能減排優(yōu)勢有更加全面準(zhǔn)確的認(rèn)知。 本文對生命周期評價(jià)的起源及其在汽車領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用進(jìn)行了綜述,提出本文的研究思路,并較為詳細(xì)地闡述了生命周期評價(jià)模型及評價(jià)工具。 選取長豐獵豹飛騰SUV燃油車與基于該車型平臺的純電動(dòng)汽車動(dòng)力系統(tǒng)為研究對象,通過對其研究目標(biāo)與范圍、數(shù)據(jù)獲取及假設(shè)、影響評價(jià)框架等的分析與界定,建立了汽車動(dòng)力系統(tǒng)生命周期評價(jià)模型。通過實(shí)地調(diào)研、專家走訪等形式進(jìn)行了大量的數(shù)據(jù)搜集及清單分析,運(yùn)用GaBi軟件對兩款動(dòng)力系統(tǒng)從原材料獲取、生產(chǎn)制造、運(yùn)行使用直至最終報(bào)廢回收共四個(gè)階段進(jìn)行了評價(jià)模型的構(gòu)建與計(jì)算,并對物流運(yùn)輸及維修等其它階段進(jìn)行了分析。 采用CML及CML修正模型等影響評價(jià)方法對計(jì)算結(jié)果進(jìn)行特征化、歸一化及量化處理,得到兩款動(dòng)力系統(tǒng)生命周期資源與環(huán)境影響評價(jià)數(shù)據(jù),結(jié)果表明：除化石能源耗竭以外,電動(dòng)汽車動(dòng)力系統(tǒng)的全生命周期礦產(chǎn)資源耗竭及環(huán)境排放綜合值均比內(nèi)燃機(jī)汽車動(dòng)力系統(tǒng)大。為了辨識造成環(huán)境影響的主要原因,進(jìn)一步對影響純電動(dòng)汽車動(dòng)力系統(tǒng)環(huán)境排放的主要指標(biāo)(百公里耗電量、電池充電效率及生產(chǎn)制造能耗)進(jìn)行敏感性分析,并對我國電能結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行情景分析,在此基礎(chǔ)上有針對性的提出降低其潛在資源與環(huán)境影響的措施建議。
[Abstract]:Automobile industry is the pillar industry of our national economy. With the increasing of automobile production and quantity, automobile products are causing more and more serious impact on the whole ecosystem, including resources, environment and mankind itself. And the sustainable development of our country has caused a great challenge. Faced with such a severe problem, people began to focus on the development of new energy vehicles, especially electric vehicles. To be sure, the use of electric vehicles not only reduces the consumption of petroleum energy, but also reduces environmental emissions, but it is only for the phase of their use. The overall impact on resources and environment is not quantitatively analyzed from the perspective of the whole life cycle. Therefore, whether electric vehicles are really energy-saving and emission-reducing needs further discussion. Under this background, this paper introduces the theory and method of life cycle evaluation, and makes use of the life cycle evaluation software GaBi to model and analyze the power system of a specific pure electric vehicle and fuel vehicle. The whole life cycle evaluation calculation is carried out by using the corresponding evaluation method in order to have a more comprehensive and accurate cognition on whether electric vehicle has the advantage of energy saving and emission reduction. In this paper, the origin of life cycle evaluation and its application in automobile field are summarized, the research ideas of this paper are put forward, and the life cycle evaluation model and evaluation tools are described in detail. The Changfeng cheetah Feiteng SUV fuel vehicle and the pure electric vehicle power system based on the vehicle platform are selected as the research object. The analysis and definition of its research goal and scope, data acquisition and hypothesis, impact evaluation framework, etc. The life cycle evaluation model of automobile power system is established. Through field research, expert visits and other forms of data collection and inventory analysis, the use of GaBi software to the two power systems from raw materials, production and manufacturing, The evaluation model was constructed and calculated in four stages from operation to final scrap recovery, and other stages, such as logistics, transportation and maintenance, were analyzed. CML and CML modified models were used to characterize, normalize and quantify the calculated results, and two life cycle resource and environment impact assessment data of power systems were obtained. The results showed that: except fossil energy depletion, The comprehensive values of mineral resource depletion and environmental emission in the whole life cycle of electric vehicle power system are larger than that of internal combustion engine automobile power system. In order to identify the main causes of environmental impact, the sensitivity analysis of the main indicators (100 km power consumption, battery charge efficiency and manufacturing energy consumption) that affect the environmental emissions of pure electric vehicle power system is carried out. Based on the situational analysis of the electric energy structure in China, the measures to reduce the potential resource and environmental impact are put forward.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：U469.7

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