本文選題：內(nèi)燃機(jī) + 振動(dòng)測(cè)試��； 參考：《昆明理工大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著交通物流、工農(nóng)生產(chǎn)和國(guó)防裝備等產(chǎn)業(yè)的迅猛發(fā)展,以內(nèi)燃機(jī)作動(dòng)力裝置的現(xiàn)代化產(chǎn)品獲得普遍應(yīng)用,并且已經(jīng)占據(jù)熱能動(dòng)力裝置的廣闊市場(chǎng)�，F(xiàn)今內(nèi)燃機(jī)正朝著輕量化、高速化及高升功率化等目標(biāo)發(fā)展,使得內(nèi)燃機(jī)振動(dòng)傾向越發(fā)顯著,故對(duì)內(nèi)燃機(jī)進(jìn)行減振降噪研究具有重要的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。鑒于內(nèi)燃機(jī)的振動(dòng)特點(diǎn),振動(dòng)系統(tǒng)識(shí)別和振動(dòng)響應(yīng)分析在內(nèi)燃機(jī)減振降噪研究中占據(jù)核心地位,故自主研發(fā)一套針對(duì)內(nèi)燃機(jī)的振動(dòng)測(cè)試系統(tǒng)意義重大�；趦�(nèi)燃機(jī)減振降噪實(shí)驗(yàn)研究的工程要求,重點(diǎn)分析了當(dāng)前主流使用的振動(dòng)測(cè)試分析商用平臺(tái)的技術(shù)特點(diǎn),提出了利用虛擬儀器、測(cè)量控制和信號(hào)分析等技術(shù)研發(fā)一套以美國(guó)NI公司為平臺(tái)的模塊化內(nèi)燃機(jī)振動(dòng)測(cè)試系統(tǒng)。依據(jù)內(nèi)燃機(jī)各部件結(jié)構(gòu)的振動(dòng)特性,研究學(xué)習(xí)了信號(hào)預(yù)處理、頻域分析、時(shí)頻分析和實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)B(tài)分析等算法,確立了基于美國(guó)NI公司PXI和LabVIEW構(gòu)建的其內(nèi)燃機(jī)振動(dòng)測(cè)試系統(tǒng)硬件平臺(tái)和軟件平臺(tái)的總體結(jié)構(gòu)、模塊設(shè)計(jì)和模塊實(shí)現(xiàn)的方案。利用NI公司PXI測(cè)量控制硬件和ModalVIEW實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)B(tài)分析軟件完成YN 38 CRD 2型柴油機(jī)機(jī)體和曲軸的模態(tài)參數(shù)識(shí)別,并進(jìn)行有限元法與實(shí)驗(yàn)法(RFOP、LSCE、LSCF)的模態(tài)特性對(duì)比分析,且使用模態(tài)置信準(zhǔn)則評(píng)價(jià)模態(tài)參數(shù)的合理性。分析總結(jié)發(fā)現(xiàn):1)同一階的模態(tài)振型基本一致,模態(tài)頻率誤差大都小于5%,并且同一階的模態(tài)幅值相干系數(shù)皆大于0.82;2)機(jī)體振動(dòng)最大變形位置多集中于曲軸箱,氣缸孔的橢圓振動(dòng)會(huì)引起氣缸漏氣和竄機(jī)油等現(xiàn)象;3)曲軸振動(dòng)最大變形位置多集中于曲軸兩端,其振動(dòng)形式主要由扭轉(zhuǎn)振動(dòng)、彎曲振動(dòng)以及縱向振動(dòng)構(gòu)成�；趯�(shí)驗(yàn)室現(xiàn)有臺(tái)架在YN 38 CRD 2型柴油機(jī)上進(jìn)行50%負(fù)荷工況的內(nèi)燃機(jī)振動(dòng)測(cè)試系統(tǒng)的實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證。通過該系統(tǒng)的多種信號(hào)分析算法對(duì)振動(dòng)測(cè)量信號(hào)進(jìn)行了時(shí)頻域分析,分析結(jié)果表明:1)隨著轉(zhuǎn)速升高各評(píng)估點(diǎn)振動(dòng)烈度越為激烈;2)振動(dòng)加速度信號(hào)蘊(yùn)含的能量主要集中于信號(hào)的低頻部分;3)機(jī)體和曲軸結(jié)構(gòu)的低階模態(tài)特征在機(jī)體與油底殼振動(dòng)信號(hào)中得到體現(xiàn)。通過對(duì)各部件的坎貝爾圖分析,得出各部件的振動(dòng)加速度均存在明顯的諧次特性,其中2階、4階和6階的振動(dòng)加速度幅值最為顯著。實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證表明該系統(tǒng)分析結(jié)果均能滿足工程應(yīng)用的技術(shù)規(guī)范要求,且具有良好的可靠性和較強(qiáng)的實(shí)用性。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of transportation logistics, industrial and agricultural production, national defense equipment and other industries, modern products with internal combustion engine as power plant have been widely used, and have occupied a wide market of thermal power plant. Nowadays, the internal combustion engine is developing towards the goal of light weight, high speed and high lift power, which makes the vibration tendency of internal combustion engine more obvious, so it is of great practical significance to study the vibration and noise reduction of internal combustion engine. In view of the vibration characteristics of internal combustion engine, vibration system identification and vibration response analysis play a key role in the study of internal combustion engine vibration and noise reduction, so it is of great significance to independently develop a vibration measurement system for internal combustion engine. Based on the engineering requirements of the experimental research on the vibration and noise reduction of internal combustion engine, the technical characteristics of the commercial platform for vibration test and analysis used in the mainstream are analyzed, and the use of virtual instrument is put forward. A modular vibration measurement system for internal combustion engine based on NI Company is developed by means of measurement control and signal analysis. According to the vibration characteristics of internal combustion engine components, the algorithms of signal preprocessing, frequency domain analysis, time frequency analysis and experimental modal analysis are studied. The overall structure, module design and implementation scheme of the internal combustion engine vibration testing system hardware platform and software platform based on PXI and LabVIEW of American NI Company are established. The modal parameters of engine block and crankshaft of YN38 CRD 2 diesel engine are identified by means of PXI measurement and control hardware of NI company and ModalVIEW experimental modal analysis software. The modal characteristics of YN38 CRD 2 diesel engine are compared and analyzed by means of finite element method and experimental method. Modal confidence criterion is used to evaluate the rationality of modal parameters. It is found that the modal mode shape of the same order is basically the same, the modal frequency error is mostly less than 5, and the coherence coefficient of the mode amplitude of the same order is greater than 0.82m2) the maximum deformation position of the body vibration is mostly concentrated in the crankcase. The maximum deformation position of crankshaft vibration is concentrated on the two ends of the crankshaft. The vibration forms are mainly composed of torsional vibration, bending vibration and longitudinal vibration. The vibration test system of internal combustion engine under 50% load condition is verified by experiment based on the existing laboratory bench on YN38 CRD 2 diesel engine. The vibration measurement signals are analyzed in time-frequency domain through various signal analysis algorithms of the system. The results show that the vibration intensity of each evaluation point is more intense with the increase of rotational speed.) the energy contained in the vibration acceleration signal is mainly concentrated in the low frequency part of the signal.) the low-order modal characteristics of the block and crankshaft structure are in the airframe and oil. The vibration signal of bottom shell is reflected. By analyzing the Campbell diagram of each component, it is concluded that the vibration acceleration of each component has obvious harmonic characteristics, among which the amplitude of vibration acceleration of order 2 and order 6 is the most significant. Experimental results show that the system can meet the technical requirements of engineering application, and has good reliability and strong practicability.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：昆明理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TK406

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