本文選題：內(nèi)燃機 + 振動測試��； 參考：《昆明理工大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著交通物流、工農(nóng)生產(chǎn)和國防裝備等產(chǎn)業(yè)的迅猛發(fā)展,以內(nèi)燃機作動力裝置的現(xiàn)代化產(chǎn)品獲得普遍應(yīng)用,并且已經(jīng)占據(jù)熱能動力裝置的廣闊市場�，F(xiàn)今內(nèi)燃機正朝著輕量化、高速化及高升功率化等目標(biāo)發(fā)展,使得內(nèi)燃機振動傾向越發(fā)顯著,故對內(nèi)燃機進行減振降噪研究具有重要的現(xiàn)實意義。鑒于內(nèi)燃機的振動特點,振動系統(tǒng)識別和振動響應(yīng)分析在內(nèi)燃機減振降噪研究中占據(jù)核心地位,故自主研發(fā)一套針對內(nèi)燃機的振動測試系統(tǒng)意義重大。基于內(nèi)燃機減振降噪實驗研究的工程要求,重點分析了當(dāng)前主流使用的振動測試分析商用平臺的技術(shù)特點,提出了利用虛擬儀器、測量控制和信號分析等技術(shù)研發(fā)一套以美國NI公司為平臺的模塊化內(nèi)燃機振動測試系統(tǒng)。依據(jù)內(nèi)燃機各部件結(jié)構(gòu)的振動特性,研究學(xué)習(xí)了信號預(yù)處理、頻域分析、時頻分析和實驗?zāi)B(tài)分析等算法,確立了基于美國NI公司PXI和LabVIEW構(gòu)建的其內(nèi)燃機振動測試系統(tǒng)硬件平臺和軟件平臺的總體結(jié)構(gòu)、模塊設(shè)計和模塊實現(xiàn)的方案。利用NI公司PXI測量控制硬件和ModalVIEW實驗?zāi)B(tài)分析軟件完成YN 38 CRD 2型柴油機機體和曲軸的模態(tài)參數(shù)識別,并進行有限元法與實驗法(RFOP、LSCE、LSCF)的模態(tài)特性對比分析,且使用模態(tài)置信準(zhǔn)則評價模態(tài)參數(shù)的合理性。分析總結(jié)發(fā)現(xiàn):1)同一階的模態(tài)振型基本一致,模態(tài)頻率誤差大都小于5%,并且同一階的模態(tài)幅值相干系數(shù)皆大于0.82;2)機體振動最大變形位置多集中于曲軸箱,氣缸孔的橢圓振動會引起氣缸漏氣和竄機油等現(xiàn)象;3)曲軸振動最大變形位置多集中于曲軸兩端,其振動形式主要由扭轉(zhuǎn)振動、彎曲振動以及縱向振動構(gòu)成。基于實驗室現(xiàn)有臺架在YN 38 CRD 2型柴油機上進行50%負(fù)荷工況的內(nèi)燃機振動測試系統(tǒng)的實驗驗證。通過該系統(tǒng)的多種信號分析算法對振動測量信號進行了時頻域分析,分析結(jié)果表明:1)隨著轉(zhuǎn)速升高各評估點振動烈度越為激烈;2)振動加速度信號蘊含的能量主要集中于信號的低頻部分;3)機體和曲軸結(jié)構(gòu)的低階模態(tài)特征在機體與油底殼振動信號中得到體現(xiàn)。通過對各部件的坎貝爾圖分析,得出各部件的振動加速度均存在明顯的諧次特性,其中2階、4階和6階的振動加速度幅值最為顯著。實驗驗證表明該系統(tǒng)分析結(jié)果均能滿足工程應(yīng)用的技術(shù)規(guī)范要求,且具有良好的可靠性和較強的實用性。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of transportation logistics, industrial and agricultural production, national defense equipment and other industries, modern products with internal combustion engine as power plant have been widely used, and have occupied a wide market of thermal power plant. Nowadays, the internal combustion engine is developing towards the goal of light weight, high speed and high lift power, which makes the vibration tendency of internal combustion engine more obvious, so it is of great practical significance to study the vibration and noise reduction of internal combustion engine. In view of the vibration characteristics of internal combustion engine, vibration system identification and vibration response analysis play a key role in the study of internal combustion engine vibration and noise reduction, so it is of great significance to independently develop a vibration measurement system for internal combustion engine. Based on the engineering requirements of the experimental research on the vibration and noise reduction of internal combustion engine, the technical characteristics of the commercial platform for vibration test and analysis used in the mainstream are analyzed, and the use of virtual instrument is put forward. A modular vibration measurement system for internal combustion engine based on NI Company is developed by means of measurement control and signal analysis. According to the vibration characteristics of internal combustion engine components, the algorithms of signal preprocessing, frequency domain analysis, time frequency analysis and experimental modal analysis are studied. The overall structure, module design and implementation scheme of the internal combustion engine vibration testing system hardware platform and software platform based on PXI and LabVIEW of American NI Company are established. The modal parameters of engine block and crankshaft of YN38 CRD 2 diesel engine are identified by means of PXI measurement and control hardware of NI company and ModalVIEW experimental modal analysis software. The modal characteristics of YN38 CRD 2 diesel engine are compared and analyzed by means of finite element method and experimental method. Modal confidence criterion is used to evaluate the rationality of modal parameters. It is found that the modal mode shape of the same order is basically the same, the modal frequency error is mostly less than 5, and the coherence coefficient of the mode amplitude of the same order is greater than 0.82m2) the maximum deformation position of the body vibration is mostly concentrated in the crankcase. The maximum deformation position of crankshaft vibration is concentrated on the two ends of the crankshaft. The vibration forms are mainly composed of torsional vibration, bending vibration and longitudinal vibration. The vibration test system of internal combustion engine under 50% load condition is verified by experiment based on the existing laboratory bench on YN38 CRD 2 diesel engine. The vibration measurement signals are analyzed in time-frequency domain through various signal analysis algorithms of the system. The results show that the vibration intensity of each evaluation point is more intense with the increase of rotational speed.) the energy contained in the vibration acceleration signal is mainly concentrated in the low frequency part of the signal.) the low-order modal characteristics of the block and crankshaft structure are in the airframe and oil. The vibration signal of bottom shell is reflected. By analyzing the Campbell diagram of each component, it is concluded that the vibration acceleration of each component has obvious harmonic characteristics, among which the amplitude of vibration acceleration of order 2 and order 6 is the most significant. Experimental results show that the system can meet the technical requirements of engineering application, and has good reliability and strong practicability.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：昆明理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TK406

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