我國農用地膜利用與回收及其財政支持政策研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-12-10 11:39
【摘要】：20世紀70年代，地膜覆蓋技術開始興起并在歐洲、美國、日本等國家迅速普及，因為增產效果好，在我國大面積推廣使用，目前，我國每年地膜使用量約120萬噸，地膜覆蓋作物已超過50種；每年地膜覆蓋面積達2.5億畝，應用區(qū)域遍及全國。但是農用地膜殘留的危害不容忽視。因在自然條件下極難降解，在土壤內可存在200～400年，存留的農用膜破壞土壤的物理和化學結構，可抑制土壤微生物的生長，最終導致作物難以發(fā)芽出苗，作物減產，影響農產品的產量和質量，使農民的收入受到極大的影響。 本論文采用查閱文獻法、系統(tǒng)分析法、比較研究法和定性與定量相結合的方法，通過對甘肅、寧夏、新疆等地農用地膜利用和回收現狀，以及相關財政支持政策展開分析研究，，系統(tǒng)梳理財政政策支持的重點方向和主要內容，研究提出建立財政支持政策等相關建議。 論文經過研究得出以下結論和建議：一是農用地膜使用量大，地膜殘留污染防治應給予重視；二是需要進一步加強各級財政政策支持；三是相關科技研究需要加強。在此基礎上，提出三方面建議：一是加強宣傳引導。使得廣大人民群眾尤其農民（農業(yè)專業(yè)合作社、從事農業(yè)生產的企業(yè)，以下簡稱農民）和回收利用企業(yè)充分認識地膜殘留的危害和存在的利潤；二是加強農田地膜殘留污染監(jiān)控和防治，摸清底數、制定規(guī)劃、分級防治；三是強化科技支撐，重視成果應用。將地膜污染防治列入科技重點支持項目，依托大專院校和科研院所，針對殘膜資源化利用、可降解地膜、機械回收等關鍵問題加強科研攻關，同時，加快科技成果應用轉化；四是建立扶持政策，完善長效機制。針對使用、回收、再利用等環(huán)節(jié)，對農民、企業(yè)等主體給予補助和扶持，引導其可持續(xù)發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:In the 1970s, film mulching technology began to rise and was rapidly popularized in Europe, the United States, Japan and other countries. Because of the good effect of increasing production, it was widely used in China. At present, the annual use of plastic film in China is about 1.2 million tons. More than 50 kinds of mulching crops have been covered by plastic film; Plastic film covers an area of 250 million mu each year, the application of the region throughout the country. However, the harm of agricultural mulching film residue can not be ignored. Because it is extremely difficult to degrade under natural conditions and can exist in the soil for 200 ~ 400 years, the remaining agricultural film destroys the physical and chemical structure of the soil, inhibits the growth of soil microbes, and finally leads to the difficulty of crop germination and emergence, and the reduction of crop yield. Affect the output and quality of agricultural products, so that farmers' income is greatly affected. In this paper, the methods of literature review, systematic analysis, comparative research and qualitative and quantitative analysis are used to analyze and study the current situation of agricultural film utilization and recovery in Gansu, Ningxia and Xinjiang, as well as related financial support policies. This paper systematically combs the key directions and main contents of fiscal policy support, and puts forward some relevant suggestions such as establishing fiscal support policy and so on. The conclusions and suggestions of this paper are as follows: first, the amount of plastic film used in agriculture is large, and the prevention and control of film residual pollution should be paid more attention to; second, the support of fiscal policies at all levels should be further strengthened; third, the relevant scientific and technological research needs to be strengthened. On this basis, put forward three aspects of suggestions: first, strengthen propaganda and guidance. Make the masses of people, especially farmers (agricultural cooperatives, enterprises engaged in agricultural production, hereinafter referred to as farmers) and recycling enterprises fully understand the harm of plastic film residues and existing profits; The second is to strengthen the monitoring and control of the residual pollution of farmland mulching film, to find out the floor number, to formulate plans, and to prevent and cure it at different levels; third, to strengthen the support of science and technology, and to attach importance to the application of results. The prevention and control of plastic film pollution should be included in the key scientific and technological support projects, relying on universities, colleges and research institutes, strengthening scientific research and tackling key problems such as the utilization of residual film resources, degradable plastic film and mechanical recovery, and speeding up the application and transformation of scientific and technological achievements; Fourth, establish support policy, perfect long-term effect mechanism. In order to guide the sustainable development of farmers and enterprises, the farmers and enterprises should be subsidized and supported in the aspects of use, recovery and reuse.
【學位授予單位】：中國農業(yè)科學院
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：S316;F812.8
本文編號：2370504
[Abstract]:In the 1970s, film mulching technology began to rise and was rapidly popularized in Europe, the United States, Japan and other countries. Because of the good effect of increasing production, it was widely used in China. At present, the annual use of plastic film in China is about 1.2 million tons. More than 50 kinds of mulching crops have been covered by plastic film; Plastic film covers an area of 250 million mu each year, the application of the region throughout the country. However, the harm of agricultural mulching film residue can not be ignored. Because it is extremely difficult to degrade under natural conditions and can exist in the soil for 200 ~ 400 years, the remaining agricultural film destroys the physical and chemical structure of the soil, inhibits the growth of soil microbes, and finally leads to the difficulty of crop germination and emergence, and the reduction of crop yield. Affect the output and quality of agricultural products, so that farmers' income is greatly affected. In this paper, the methods of literature review, systematic analysis, comparative research and qualitative and quantitative analysis are used to analyze and study the current situation of agricultural film utilization and recovery in Gansu, Ningxia and Xinjiang, as well as related financial support policies. This paper systematically combs the key directions and main contents of fiscal policy support, and puts forward some relevant suggestions such as establishing fiscal support policy and so on. The conclusions and suggestions of this paper are as follows: first, the amount of plastic film used in agriculture is large, and the prevention and control of film residual pollution should be paid more attention to; second, the support of fiscal policies at all levels should be further strengthened; third, the relevant scientific and technological research needs to be strengthened. On this basis, put forward three aspects of suggestions: first, strengthen propaganda and guidance. Make the masses of people, especially farmers (agricultural cooperatives, enterprises engaged in agricultural production, hereinafter referred to as farmers) and recycling enterprises fully understand the harm of plastic film residues and existing profits; The second is to strengthen the monitoring and control of the residual pollution of farmland mulching film, to find out the floor number, to formulate plans, and to prevent and cure it at different levels; third, to strengthen the support of science and technology, and to attach importance to the application of results. The prevention and control of plastic film pollution should be included in the key scientific and technological support projects, relying on universities, colleges and research institutes, strengthening scientific research and tackling key problems such as the utilization of residual film resources, degradable plastic film and mechanical recovery, and speeding up the application and transformation of scientific and technological achievements; Fourth, establish support policy, perfect long-term effect mechanism. In order to guide the sustainable development of farmers and enterprises, the farmers and enterprises should be subsidized and supported in the aspects of use, recovery and reuse.
【學位授予單位】：中國農業(yè)科學院
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：S316;F812.8
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本文編號：2370504
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