【摘要】：糧食是一國(guó)居民的生活必需品,是一切人類(lèi)活動(dòng)的基礎(chǔ),尤其對(duì)于我國(guó)擁有14億人口的龐大經(jīng)濟(jì)體而言,糧食問(wèn)題至關(guān)重要,糧食問(wèn)題不僅指糧食是否供需平衡的糧食安全問(wèn)題,而且也是農(nóng)民收入問(wèn)題,這關(guān)乎城鄉(xiāng)二元經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整與構(gòu)建和諧社會(huì)的重要任務(wù)。我國(guó)入世以來(lái),邊境保護(hù)程度降低,進(jìn)口配額增大與進(jìn)出口關(guān)稅稅率下降,同時(shí)我國(guó)承諾放棄對(duì)糧食產(chǎn)品的出口補(bǔ)貼,而其他發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家在承諾削減糧食補(bǔ)貼的同時(shí)卻在增加糧食補(bǔ)貼,對(duì)我國(guó)糧食安全與農(nóng)民增收造成威脅,我國(guó)目前面臨著不公平的國(guó)際糧食補(bǔ)貼環(huán)境。為了應(yīng)對(duì)部分國(guó)家糧食補(bǔ)貼政策對(duì)我國(guó)造成的糧食安全與農(nóng)民增收的威脅,探討WTO框架下適合我國(guó)長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)應(yīng)用的糧食補(bǔ)貼政策尤為重要。 本論文試圖闡明糧食補(bǔ)貼政策的理論基礎(chǔ),說(shuō)明WTO框架下我國(guó)入世承諾與入世對(duì)我國(guó)糧食補(bǔ)貼規(guī)模與效應(yīng)的影響,通過(guò)探討國(guó)外主要國(guó)家在WTO框架下的糧食補(bǔ)貼政策方式與效應(yīng),并比較國(guó)內(nèi)外糧食補(bǔ)貼政策的差距,發(fā)現(xiàn)我國(guó)糧食補(bǔ)貼政策的不足,總結(jié)出對(duì)我國(guó)糧食補(bǔ)貼政策的啟示,繼而為糧食補(bǔ)貼政策設(shè)置一個(gè)合理可行的目標(biāo)與方向,構(gòu)建一個(gè)靈活的糧食供應(yīng)調(diào)節(jié)機(jī)制和糧農(nóng)收入保障機(jī)制,這對(duì)我國(guó)糧食安全與農(nóng)民增收有重要意義。 本文提出了WTO框架下糧食補(bǔ)貼的政策建議：第一,建立符合WTO規(guī)則的糧食補(bǔ)貼政策,應(yīng)利用好免于削減的“綠箱”政策,優(yōu)化補(bǔ)貼結(jié)構(gòu)；為保障國(guó)家糧食安全,現(xiàn)階段應(yīng)充分利用“黃箱”政策；完善糧食補(bǔ)貼政策,嘗試“藍(lán)箱”補(bǔ)貼,將需要削減的“黃箱”轉(zhuǎn)變成“藍(lán)箱”。第二,完善糧食補(bǔ)貼體制,補(bǔ)貼體制的改革方向是建立“財(cái)力與事權(quán)相匹配”的糧食補(bǔ)貼體制,盡可能清晰界定中央與地方糧食補(bǔ)貼的財(cái)權(quán)與事權(quán)。第三,強(qiáng)化法律規(guī)范性約束,完善資金監(jiān)管。第四,優(yōu)化我國(guó)糧食補(bǔ)貼方式,例如糧食保險(xiǎn)補(bǔ)貼、糧農(nóng)貸款補(bǔ)貼和農(nóng)村糧食儲(chǔ)備補(bǔ)貼。
[Abstract]:Food is the necessities of life for the people of a country and the basis of all human activities, especially for the large economy with a population of 1.4 billion. Grain problem not only refers to the food security problem of grain supply and demand balance, but also the issue of farmers' income, which is related to the adjustment of urban-rural dual economic structure and the construction of a harmonious society. Since China's entry into WTO, the degree of border protection has decreased, import quotas have increased and import and export tariff rates have decreased, and China has promised to give up its export subsidies for grain products. While other developed countries promise to reduce grain subsidies at the same time, they are increasing grain subsidies, which threaten China's food security and farmers' income. At present, China is facing an unfair international food subsidy environment. In order to deal with the threat of grain security and farmers' income caused by grain subsidy policy in some countries, it is particularly important to explore the grain subsidy policy suitable for our country's long-term application under the framework of WTO. This paper attempts to clarify the theoretical basis of grain subsidy policy and explain the impact of China's WTO commitments and WTO on the scale and effect of grain subsidies under the framework of WTO. This paper discusses the ways and effects of grain subsidy policy in main foreign countries under the framework of WTO, compares the gap of grain subsidy policy at home and abroad, finds out the shortage of grain subsidy policy in our country, and sums up the enlightenment to the grain subsidy policy of our country. Then set up a reasonable and feasible goal and direction for the grain subsidy policy, and construct a flexible grain supply regulation mechanism and food income guarantee mechanism, which is of great significance to the food security and the increase of farmers' income in our country. This paper puts forward the policy suggestions of grain subsidy under the framework of WTO: first, to establish the grain subsidy policy in line with the WTO rules, we should make good use of the "green box" policy to optimize the subsidy structure; In order to ensure the national food security, we should make full use of the "yellow box" policy at the present stage, perfect the grain subsidy policy and try the "blue box" subsidy to convert the "yellow box" to the "blue box" that needs to be reduced. Second, improve the grain subsidy system. The reform direction of the subsidy system is to establish a grain subsidy system with "financial resources and administrative power matching", and to define clearly the financial and administrative rights of the central and local grain subsidies as far as possible. Third, strengthen the legal normative constraints, improve the supervision of funds. Fourth, we should optimize the ways of grain subsidy, such as grain insurance subsidy, grain loan subsidy and rural grain reserve subsidy.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：財(cái)政部財(cái)政科學(xué)研究所
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：F743.1;F812.8;F326.11

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