【摘要】：2008年金融危機(jī)后,我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展步入“新常態(tài)”,經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展面臨轉(zhuǎn)方式、調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)、促轉(zhuǎn)型的嚴(yán)峻考驗(yàn)。長(zhǎng)期以來(lái),以需求為中心的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展模式導(dǎo)致了當(dāng)前供給矛盾突出,加上世界經(jīng)濟(jì)低迷導(dǎo)致外需疲軟,國(guó)內(nèi)需求難以激發(fā),以及“中等收入陷阱”的制約,整個(gè)社會(huì)的供給和需求之間矛盾加劇。2015年11月10日,習(xí)近平總書記在中央財(cái)經(jīng)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)小組第十一次會(huì)議上強(qiáng)調(diào),一方面要適度擴(kuò)大社會(huì)總需求,同時(shí)要加強(qiáng)經(jīng)濟(jì)供給側(cè)的結(jié)構(gòu)性改革,注重提高整個(gè)供給體系的質(zhì)量和效率,增強(qiáng)經(jīng)濟(jì)持續(xù)增長(zhǎng)的動(dòng)力。由此,供給側(cè)結(jié)構(gòu)性改革構(gòu)想正式提出。政府投資在歷次經(jīng)濟(jì)改革中都起到了重要作用。在計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)時(shí)代,政府投資起到充分調(diào)動(dòng)資源,實(shí)現(xiàn)我國(guó)由農(nóng)業(yè)國(guó)家向工業(yè)國(guó)家的轉(zhuǎn)變;在市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)時(shí)代,政府投資發(fā)揮了對(duì)民間資本、海外資本的引導(dǎo)作用,實(shí)現(xiàn)了我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)由計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)到市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的轉(zhuǎn)變,在經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)中,政府投資起到了拉動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì),刺激經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇的作用。隨著中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)進(jìn)入“新常態(tài)”,政府投資陷入困局,一方面,投資的回報(bào)率降低、杠桿率過(guò)高,另一方面,投資的結(jié)構(gòu)性矛盾也愈發(fā)明顯。政府投資于供給側(cè)結(jié)構(gòu)性改革具有重大聯(lián)系,政府投資具有需求效應(yīng)和供給效應(yīng),凱恩斯主義下的需求管理側(cè)重政府投資的需求效應(yīng),把投資認(rèn)作為是拉動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的三駕馬車之一。供給管理則更側(cè)重資本、土地、勞動(dòng)力、制度以及技術(shù)等供給側(cè)要素。我國(guó)供給側(cè)結(jié)構(gòu)性改革明確提出了五項(xiàng)任務(wù):去庫(kù)存、去產(chǎn)能、去杠桿、降成本和補(bǔ)短板。本文在仔細(xì)梳理供給側(cè)理論的發(fā)展脈絡(luò)、主要思想和實(shí)踐啟示的基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合政府投資內(nèi)涵及歷史作用,著重分析了我國(guó)當(dāng)前政府投資的困局與不足之處,并將政府投資與供給側(cè)結(jié)構(gòu)性改革聯(lián)系起來(lái),認(rèn)為政府投資是供給側(cè)改革的一大著力點(diǎn),與實(shí)現(xiàn)供給側(cè)改革的五大任務(wù)(去庫(kù)存、去產(chǎn)能、去杠桿、降成本和補(bǔ)短板)環(huán)環(huán)相扣。在新的經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)境和新的歷史背景下,政府投資的目標(biāo)及衡量其有效性的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是能否有利于實(shí)現(xiàn)供給側(cè)改革的五大任務(wù)。這五大任務(wù)可以分為兩個(gè)部分:有效供給和無(wú)效供給,所以,概括的降,政府投資的方向是減少無(wú)效供給和增發(fā)有效供給。其思路是,在減少無(wú)效供給上,促進(jìn)“去產(chǎn)能”、“去庫(kù)存”、“去杠桿”的實(shí)現(xiàn),優(yōu)化存量、控制增量,以增量化解存量;在增大有效供給上,以“降成本”、“補(bǔ)短板”為路徑,擴(kuò)大企業(yè)的供給能力,提高政府公共服務(wù)能力。
[Abstract]:After the financial crisis in 2008, China's economic development has entered the "new normal", and the economic development is faced with the severe test of changing mode, adjusting structure and promoting transformation. For a long time, the demand-centric economic development model has led to outstanding supply contradictions, coupled with the weakening of external demand caused by the downturn in the world economy, the difficulty of stimulating domestic demand, and the constraints of the "middle-income trap." The contradiction between supply and demand in the whole society has intensified. On November 10, 2015, General Secretary Xi Jinping stressed at the 11th meeting of the Central leading Group on Finance and Economics that, on the one hand, it is necessary to appropriately expand the total social demand. At the same time, we should strengthen the structural reform on the supply side of the economy, pay attention to improving the quality and efficiency of the whole supply system, and strengthen the motive force of sustained economic growth. Thus, the concept of structural reform on the supply side was formally put forward. Government investment has played an important role in every economic reform. In the era of planned economy, government investment played an important role in mobilizing resources and transforming our country from an agricultural country to an industrial country. In the era of market economy, government investment played a leading role in private capital and overseas capital. In the economic crisis, government investment has played a role in stimulating the economy and stimulating economic recovery. As China's economy enters a "new normal", government investment is in trouble, with lower returns and overleveraged investment, and a growing structural contradiction. Government investment in supply-side structural reform has a significant link, government investment has demand and supply effects, Keynesian demand management focuses on the demand effect of government investment. Consider investment as one of the troika driving economic growth. Supply management focuses more on the supply side of capital, land, labor, institutions and technology. China's supply-side structural reform has clearly put forward five tasks: destocking, de-productive capacity, deleveraging, cost reduction and compensation. On the basis of carefully combing the development of supply-side theory, the main ideas and practical enlightenment, combined with the connotation and historical role of government investment, this paper focuses on the analysis of the difficulties and deficiencies of the current government investment in China. Linking government investment with supply-side structural reform, it is considered that government investment is a major focus of supply-side reform, and the five major tasks of achieving supply-side reform (destocking, de-productive capacity, deleveraging), Reduce costs and make up for short board) interlocking. Under the new economic environment and the new historical background, the goal of government investment and the criterion to measure its effectiveness are the five major tasks that can be beneficial to the realization of supply-side reform. These five tasks can be divided into two parts: effective supply and ineffective supply, so in general, the direction of government investment is to reduce the ineffective supply and increase the effective supply. The idea is to promote the realization of "destocking", "destocking" and "deleveraging" in reducing ineffective supply, optimize the stock, control the increment, and eliminate the stock in order to increase the effective supply, and "reduce the cost" in increasing the effective supply. "fill short board" as the path, expand the supply capacity of enterprises, improve the ability of government public service.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：F812.45

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