本文選題：畢節(jié)試驗(yàn)區(qū) + 財政支農(nóng)支出��； 參考：《西南大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：貧困是世界各國都存在的一個嚴(yán)峻問題,而農(nóng)村人口占據(jù)貧困人口的絕大部分。我國是一個農(nóng)業(yè)大國,農(nóng)業(yè)是國民經(jīng)濟(jì)的基礎(chǔ),我國農(nóng)村人口占總?cè)丝诘?7.43%,貧困人口近1億人,加快農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展速度、提高農(nóng)民生活水平、減少農(nóng)村貧困發(fā)生率是我國這樣一個農(nóng)業(yè)大國在社會主義初級階段實(shí)現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的重要任務(wù)。農(nóng)業(yè)的基礎(chǔ)性地位是我國政府長期以來一直強(qiáng)調(diào)的,政府也一直致力于減緩農(nóng)村貧困的事業(yè)。改革開放以來,中國的貧困人口大幅度減少,但在一些經(jīng)濟(jì)落后地區(qū)仍然存在嚴(yán)重的貧困問題。農(nóng)業(yè)的外部性和弱質(zhì)性決定了農(nóng)村的發(fā)展和農(nóng)民的增收離不開政府的重視與支持,而財政支農(nóng)支出是國家對農(nóng)村農(nóng)業(yè)的主要政策支持。貴州省地處云貴高原東部,是傳統(tǒng)的農(nóng)業(yè)省,具有典型的喀斯特地形地貌特征。由于歷史、地理、交通等諸多因素影響,貴州成為我國較為貧困的省份之一。畢節(jié)地區(qū)位于貴州省西北部,是貴州省最落后貧困的地區(qū)之一,8個縣中有5個是國家級貧困縣。畢節(jié)試驗(yàn)區(qū)成立25年來,畢節(jié)的農(nóng)村貧困明顯得到緩解,但與全國其他地區(qū)相比仍然存在差距,減貧的進(jìn)程仍然面臨許多制約。 農(nóng)村貧困的減少關(guān)系到社會經(jīng)濟(jì)的穩(wěn)定協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展,地方政府資金對農(nóng)業(yè)的財政支持,對農(nóng)村發(fā)展、農(nóng)業(yè)進(jìn)步、農(nóng)民增收起著極為關(guān)鍵和重要的作用,對農(nóng)村貧困的減緩起著重要的保障和支持作用。2002年以來,畢節(jié)試驗(yàn)區(qū)公共財政用于農(nóng)村主要公共物品的支出一直呈現(xiàn)快速增長趨勢。財政支農(nóng)支出在絕對量上有了較大的提高,但在相對量上還是明顯不足,財政支農(nóng)支出規(guī)模表現(xiàn)出不穩(wěn)定性。從財政支農(nóng)支出結(jié)構(gòu)上來說,雖然農(nóng)業(yè)基本建設(shè)支出占財政支農(nóng)支出的比重較大,有利于農(nóng)村基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的建設(shè),為農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展、農(nóng)民增收創(chuàng)造了條件。農(nóng)村救濟(jì)費(fèi)的比重一直以來就比較低,這對試驗(yàn)區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)的長遠(yuǎn)發(fā)展,農(nóng)民生活水平的穩(wěn)步提高也會產(chǎn)生一定的負(fù)面影響。農(nóng)業(yè)科技三項(xiàng)費(fèi)一直處于四者中最低的位置,在1%-3%之間變動,這不利于農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展的現(xiàn)代化進(jìn)程,不利于農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)的增長。由于畢節(jié)試驗(yàn)區(qū)的財政支農(nóng)支出在規(guī)模、結(jié)構(gòu)上存在著一些問題,使其未能充分地發(fā)揮推動農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展、增加農(nóng)民收入、減少貧困發(fā)生的作用。近年來貧困人口和貧困發(fā)生率都呈現(xiàn)下降趨勢。但直到今天,880萬口人的畢節(jié)中仍有超過200萬的貧困人口,畢節(jié)試驗(yàn)區(qū)的貧困狀況依然嚴(yán)峻。 本文對畢節(jié)試驗(yàn)區(qū)各區(qū)縣在2002—2012年農(nóng)村貧困發(fā)生率和財政支農(nóng)支出的面板數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行分析,建立PANEL DATA模型探討畢節(jié)試驗(yàn)區(qū)財政支農(nóng)支出各子項(xiàng)目對農(nóng)村減貧的影響,對各個渠道支農(nóng)支出所取得的減貧效應(yīng)大小進(jìn)行評價,并根據(jù)實(shí)證分析的結(jié)果提出相關(guān)建議。本文研究結(jié)論指出,畢節(jié)試驗(yàn)區(qū)財政用于農(nóng)業(yè)的各項(xiàng)支出對農(nóng)民純收入和降低農(nóng)村貧困發(fā)生率均有影響,支援農(nóng)村生產(chǎn)支出和農(nóng)業(yè)基本建設(shè)支出對農(nóng)民純收入和降低農(nóng)村貧困發(fā)生率的影響較大。支援農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)支出用于支持農(nóng)村發(fā)展生產(chǎn),在短時間內(nèi)能直接作用于農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn),提高農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)效率,增加農(nóng)民收入,減少農(nóng)村貧困的發(fā)生。農(nóng)業(yè)基本建設(shè)支出在促進(jìn)農(nóng)村公路、農(nóng)業(yè)水利設(shè)施等基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)和農(nóng)業(yè)綜合開發(fā)的基礎(chǔ)上,帶動了農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展,為農(nóng)民提供了更多獲得收入的渠道。這表明農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展對農(nóng)村基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施具有較強(qiáng)的依賴性。農(nóng)村救濟(jì)費(fèi)對農(nóng)民收入增加和降低農(nóng)村貧困發(fā)生率的影響很弱。農(nóng)業(yè)科技三項(xiàng)經(jīng)費(fèi)對農(nóng)民純收入和降低農(nóng)村貧困發(fā)生率的影響弱。本文的最后,從優(yōu)化財政支農(nóng)支出結(jié)構(gòu),提高財政支農(nóng)支出效率,深化支農(nóng)資金管理體制機(jī)制改革等方面對畢節(jié)試驗(yàn)區(qū)財政支農(nóng)支出提出了相應(yīng)的政策建議。
[Abstract]:Poverty is a serious problem in all countries of the world, and the rural population occupies the vast majority of the poor. China is a large agricultural country, agriculture is the basis of the national economy, China's rural population accounts for 47.43% of the total population and nearly 100 million people in poverty, speeding up the speed of agricultural development, raising the living standard of farmers, and reducing the incidence of rural poverty. Rate is an important task for a large agricultural country such as our country to achieve sustainable economic development at the primary stage of socialism. The basic status of agriculture is a long-term emphasis that our government has been emphasizing, and the government has been working to alleviate the cause of poverty in rural areas. Since the reform and opening up, the poor population in China has been greatly reduced, but in some economies. There are still serious problems of poverty in the backward areas. The external and weak nature of agriculture determines the development of rural areas and the increase of farmers' income can not be separated from the government's attention and support, and the financial support for agriculture is the main policy support for rural agriculture. Guizhou province is located in the east of Yunnan Guizhou Plateau, a traditional agricultural province, and a typical Karst province. Due to many factors such as history, geography and traffic, Guizhou has become one of the poorer provinces in China. Bijie is located in the northwest of Guizhou Province, one of the most backward and poor areas in Guizhou Province, and 5 of the 8 counties are national poor counties. In the 25 year of the establishment of the Bijie experimental area, the rural poverty in Bijie has been obviously slowed down. But there is still a gap compared with other parts of the country, and the process of poverty reduction still faces many constraints.
The reduction of poverty in rural areas is related to the stable and coordinated development of social economy, the financial support of local government funds to agriculture, the critical and important role for rural development, agricultural progress and farmers' income increase, and plays an important role in the mitigation of rural poverty. Since.2002 years, the public finance of the Bijie experimental area is used in rural areas. The expenditure of main public goods has been increasing rapidly. The expenditure of financial support to agriculture has been greatly improved in absolute quantity, but the relative amount is still obviously insufficient. The scale of financial support for agriculture is unstable. From the structure of financial support to agriculture, although the expenditure of agricultural basic construction accounts for a large proportion of the expenditure of financial support. It is conducive to the construction of rural infrastructure, which creates conditions for the development of agriculture and the increase of farmers' income. The proportion of rural relief costs has been relatively low. This will also have a negative impact on the long-term development of the agricultural economy in the experimental area and the steady improvement of the living standards of farmers. The three costs of agricultural science and technology have been in the lowest position among the four. The change between 1%-3% is not conducive to the modernization of agricultural development, which is not conducive to the growth of agricultural economy. There are some problems in the structure of the financial support for agriculture in the Bijie experimental area, which can not fully play the role of promoting the development of agricultural economy, increasing the income of farmers and reducing poverty. And the incidence of poverty is declining. But to this day, more than 2 million of the 8 million 800 thousand people in Bijie still have a poor population, and poverty in the Bijie test area is still grim.
In this paper, the panel data of the rural poverty rate and financial support expenditure in the Bijie experimental area from 2002 to 2012 are analyzed, and the PANEL DATA model is established to explore the impact of the sub projects of financial support expenditure on the rural poverty reduction in the Bijie experimental area. The results of the empirical analysis put forward relevant suggestions. The conclusion of this paper is that the expenditure on agriculture in the Bijie experimental area has an impact on the farmers' income and the incidence of rural poverty. The support of rural production expenditure and agricultural infrastructure expenditure has great influence on the farmers' income and the incidence of rural poverty. Industrial production expenditure is used to support rural development and production. In a short time, it can directly affect agricultural production, improve agricultural production efficiency, increase farmers' income, and reduce the incidence of rural poverty. Agricultural basic construction expenditure has driven rural areas on the basis of infrastructure construction and comprehensive agricultural development, such as rural roads, agricultural water conservancy facilities and agricultural comprehensive development. The development of the economy provides more channels for farmers to obtain income. This shows that the rural economic development has a strong dependence on rural infrastructure. The effect of rural relief fees on the increase of farmers' income and the incidence of rural poverty is very weak. The effect of agricultural science and technology three funds on the farmers' net income and the incidence of rural poverty reduction At the end of this paper, the corresponding policy suggestions are put forward from the aspects of optimizing the expenditure structure of financial support for agriculture, raising the efficiency of financial support for agriculture and deepening the reform of the management system and mechanism of the fund management of the Bijie experimental area.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：F812.8;F323.8

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