發(fā)布時間：2018-03-02 06:35

  本文關(guān)鍵詞： 財政科技支出 財政支出效率 研發(fā)經(jīng)費　出處：《南京財經(jīng)大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：在現(xiàn)代生活中,科技對于人類的幫助不言而喻,大到國計民生,小到衣食住行,科技無處不在,它存在于我們生活中的各個領(lǐng)域,對人類社會的發(fā)展有著深遠的影響�？萍紝ι鐣陌l(fā)展起著巨大的推動作用,不僅體現(xiàn)在經(jīng)濟建設(shè)上,也反應(yīng)在社會整體的進步上�？萍际堑谝桓偁幜�,世界各國都充分了解科技對本國經(jīng)濟、軍事、政治的影響力,對科技的依賴程度也日漸增多,因而各國都相繼增加科技支出,尋求區(qū)域經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展新的增長點。不斷加大科技支出是解決科技進步問題的一方面,更重要的是如何轉(zhuǎn)變科技的發(fā)展方式�？萍假Y金支出的規(guī)模要加大,科技支出的結(jié)構(gòu)也需要不斷的調(diào)整來適應(yīng)國際的發(fā)展形勢,只有這樣才能謀求科技長足的發(fā)展,在國際競爭的舞臺上也更具優(yōu)勢。改革開放三十多年來,我國逐漸認識到科技對經(jīng)濟的影響,所以不斷完善科技體制,著眼于科技的發(fā)展與進步,實施了科教興國戰(zhàn)略等一系列國策,不斷推動國家自主創(chuàng)新體系的建設(shè)。我國對于科技的支出規(guī)模也大大增加,不僅為我國科學(xué)技術(shù)和科研開發(fā)事業(yè)提供了穩(wěn)固的資金保障,更為我國經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展增添了新的活力。但是科技資金的大量投入并不一定能獲得相應(yīng)的收益,我國財政科技資金的投向結(jié)構(gòu)不合理,目標定位不清晰,使用效率低下等問題尚處于探索討論階段。這些問題嚴重地制約著我國財政科技支出發(fā)揮其真正作用,不能很好的推動我國科技進一步發(fā)展,導(dǎo)致我國財政科技支出對經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展影響還不夠顯著,對我國經(jīng)濟結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)型的幫助作用不大,弱化了我國經(jīng)濟社會可持續(xù)發(fā)展的能力。本文選取我國財政科技支出作為研究對象,并使用研發(fā)經(jīng)費作為比較指標,運用比較分析法,定性分析法與定量分析法相結(jié)合的方法,從我國財政科技支出目標定位研究出發(fā),對我國財政科技支出的規(guī)模,結(jié)構(gòu)等現(xiàn)狀進行了分析,然后對我國科技財政支出的效率進行了實證分析,并探究了我國科技支出對研發(fā)經(jīng)費支出規(guī)模的影響,從而指出我國財政科技支出存在的問題,并和世界發(fā)達地區(qū)國家的科技支出在規(guī)模和結(jié)構(gòu)上都進行了比較,結(jié)合發(fā)達國家政府科技支出發(fā)展的經(jīng)驗,提出了完善我國財政科技支出的政策建議。
[Abstract]:In modern life, it is self-evident that science and technology help mankind, from the national economy to the people's livelihood, from food, clothing, housing and transportation, science and technology everywhere, it exists in all areas of our lives, It has a profound impact on the development of human society. Science and technology play a huge role in promoting social development, not only in economic construction, but also in the progress of society as a whole. Science and technology are the first competitive power. Every country in the world is fully aware of the influence of science and technology on its economy, military and politics, and its dependence on science and technology is also increasing day by day. As a result, all countries have increased their spending on science and technology one after another. Seeking new growth points for regional economic and social development. Increasing the expenditure on science and technology is one aspect of solving the problem of scientific and technological progress. More importantly, it is how to change the mode of development of science and technology. The scale of the expenditure on science and technology funds should be increased. The structure of science and technology expenditure also needs to be constantly adjusted to adapt to the international development situation. Only in this way can we seek the rapid development of science and technology, and have more advantages on the stage of international competition. Over the past 30 years of reform and opening up, China has gradually realized the impact of science and technology on the economy, so it has continuously improved the science and technology system, focused on the development and progress of science and technology, and implemented a series of national policies such as the strategy of rejuvenating the country through science and education. We are constantly promoting the construction of the national independent innovation system. The scale of our expenditure on science and technology has also increased greatly, which not only provides a solid financial guarantee for our country's science and technology and scientific research and development undertakings, The economic and social development of our country has added new vitality. However, a large amount of investment in science and technology funds does not necessarily yield corresponding benefits. The investment structure of our country's financial science and technology funds is unreasonable, and the target orientation is not clear. Problems such as inefficient use are still in the stage of exploration and discussion. These problems seriously restrict our fiscal expenditure on science and technology to play its real role, and can not well promote the further development of science and technology in China. As a result, the financial expenditure on science and technology in our country has not had a significant impact on economic and social development, nor has it contributed much to the transformation of the economic structure of our country. This paper selects our country's finance science and technology expenditure as the research object, and uses the research and development funds as the comparative index, uses the comparative analysis method, the qualitative analysis method and the quantitative analysis method unifies the method. Based on the research on the target orientation of fiscal expenditure of science and technology in China, this paper analyzes the scale and structure of the expenditure of science and technology in our country, and then makes an empirical analysis on the efficiency of the expenditure of science and technology in China. It also probes into the influence of our country's science and technology expenditure on the scale of R & D expenditure, and points out the problems existing in our country's fiscal science and technology expenditure, and compares the scale and structure of our country's science and technology expenditure with that of the developed countries in the world. Based on the experience of the development of government science and technology expenditure in developed countries, this paper puts forward some policy suggestions for perfecting our country's fiscal science and technology expenditure.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京財經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：F812.45

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