本文關(guān)鍵詞： 城鄉(xiāng)收入差距 財政支出結(jié)構(gòu) 城鎮(zhèn)化　出處：《廈門大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：城鄉(xiāng)居民收入差距過大,究其原因是農(nóng)村居民收入偏低且增長緩慢,在制度層面上則是城鄉(xiāng)二元經(jīng)濟結(jié)構(gòu)。而本文研究的重點,落在二元經(jīng)濟結(jié)構(gòu)環(huán)境下我國財政支出結(jié)構(gòu)、城鎮(zhèn)化與城鄉(xiāng)收入分配的關(guān)系。 本文首先對直到2013年的城鄉(xiāng)收入差距(絕對與相對)、中央財政支出結(jié)構(gòu)和城鎮(zhèn)化率數(shù)據(jù)進行分析,直觀描述三者的變化軌跡。然后理論分析得出財政支出用于人力資本投資與維護支出、社會保障支出和支持農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展支出對城鄉(xiāng)間收入分配狀況的改善作用具有不確定性,且三者在我國甚至可能產(chǎn)生擴大城鄉(xiāng)收入差距的作用。同時建立了一個簡單的數(shù)理模型,基于該模型分析常住人口的城鎮(zhèn)化與城鄉(xiāng)收入差距的變化的邏輯關(guān)系,得出城鎮(zhèn)化對城鄉(xiāng)收入差距的影響是逃逸效應(yīng)、攤薄效應(yīng)和減負效應(yīng)三者的合力。 在1999到2012年的數(shù)據(jù)基礎(chǔ)上,本文以2007年為分界點劃分為兩個階段進行實證,得到如下結(jié)論：(1)財政支出結(jié)構(gòu)中,人力資本支出的城市化偏向得到一定的改善,其對城鄉(xiāng)收入差距的擴大效應(yīng)已經(jīng)弱化。社會保障支出仍舊扮演著擴大城鄉(xiāng)收入差距的角色,并未發(fā)揮其在二次分配中調(diào)整社會不公平應(yīng)有的作用。專門為支持農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展的支農(nóng)支出有利于改善農(nóng)村的生產(chǎn)條件,但并未發(fā)揮對城鄉(xiāng)收入差距應(yīng)有的縮小作用。(2)1999年到2006年間,城鎮(zhèn)化水平的提高顯著地擴大了城鄉(xiāng)收入差距；2007年到2012年間,城鎮(zhèn)化的發(fā)展對于城鄉(xiāng)收入差距有顯著縮小的效應(yīng)。 從實證分析結(jié)果出發(fā),本文有以下建議：(1)改變以GDP增長為主的地方政府政績考核體系、推進基本公共服務(wù)均等化。(2)調(diào)整教育文化衛(wèi)生支出在城鄉(xiāng)的分配結(jié)構(gòu),為城鄉(xiāng)人力資本的積累提供公平的環(huán)境,鼓勵人力資源向農(nóng)村合理回流。(3)統(tǒng)籌城鄉(xiāng)社會保障發(fā)展,加快建設(shè)農(nóng)村社會保障體系。(4)優(yōu)化資金運用方向,并在此前提下增加支農(nóng)支出。(5)推進新型城鎮(zhèn)化建設(shè),改革戶籍制度,逐步實現(xiàn)人口的自由流動。
[Abstract]:The income gap between urban and rural residents is too large, the reason is that the income of rural residents is low and the growth is slow, and it is the dual economic structure of urban and rural areas on the institutional level. Under the dualistic economic structure, the relationship between the structure of fiscal expenditure, urbanization and urban and rural income distribution. This paper first analyzes the urban-rural income gap (absolute and relative), central fiscal expenditure structure and urbanization rate data until 2013. Intuitionistic description of the three changes, and then theoretical analysis of fiscal expenditure for human capital investment and maintenance expenditure. Social security expenditure and support for agricultural development expenditure on the improvement of income distribution between urban and rural areas is uncertain. At the same time, a simple mathematical model is established to analyze the logical relationship between the urbanization of resident population and the change of urban-rural income gap. It is concluded that the effect of urbanization on urban-rural income gap is the resultant force of escape effect, dilution effect and burden reduction effect. Based on the data from 1999 to 2012, this paper divides 2007 as the dividing point into two stages and obtains the following conclusion: 1) in the structure of fiscal expenditure. The urbanization of human capital expenditure has been improved to some extent, and its effect on the urban-rural income gap has been weakened. Social security expenditure still plays the role of widening the urban-rural income gap. It did not play its role of adjusting the social injustice in the secondary distribution. The agricultural support expenditure, which is dedicated to supporting agricultural development, is conducive to improving the production conditions in rural areas. However, it did not play the role of narrowing the urban-rural income gap. (2) from 1999 to 2006, the level of urbanization significantly expanded the urban-rural income gap; From 2007 to 2012, the development of urbanization has a significant narrowing effect on the income gap between urban and rural areas. Based on the results of empirical analysis, this paper has the following suggestions: 1) to change the local government performance assessment system, which is dominated by the growth of GDP. Promote equalization of basic public services) adjust the distribution structure of education, culture and health expenditure in urban and rural areas, and provide a fair environment for the accumulation of human capital in urban and rural areas. Encourage human resources to return to the countryside reasonably. 3) coordinate the development of urban and rural social security, accelerate the construction of rural social security system. 4) optimize the use of funds. And under this premise, increase the expenditure of supporting agriculture. 5) promote the construction of new urbanization, reform the household registration system, and gradually realize the free movement of population.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：廈門大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：F812.45;F124.7;F299.21

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