【摘要】：滇東高原作為一個(gè)相對(duì)獨(dú)特的地理環(huán)境單元，喀斯特地貌發(fā)育，山多坡陡，生態(tài)環(huán)境脆弱，加上獨(dú)特的二元水文地質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)導(dǎo)致水、土資源的時(shí)空分布不均，使得區(qū)域內(nèi)的農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)面臨諸多不利因素。通過(guò)對(duì)喀斯特景觀農(nóng)業(yè)的配置可以達(dá)到穩(wěn)定生態(tài)功能和營(yíng)造美麗景色的目的，增強(qiáng)地區(qū)吸引力，推動(dòng)農(nóng)業(yè)旅游發(fā)展，能給區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展帶來(lái)新的機(jī)會(huì)。隨著農(nóng)村土地流轉(zhuǎn)政策的出臺(tái)，為家庭農(nóng)場(chǎng)、農(nóng)民專業(yè)合作社等規(guī)模化的農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)營(yíng)提供了依據(jù)；加上“美麗鄉(xiāng)村”建設(shè)的提出，也為景觀農(nóng)業(yè)配置的發(fā)展提供了機(jī)遇。 本文基于滇東地區(qū)喀斯特地理環(huán)境基礎(chǔ)，依托云南省社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)研究計(jì)劃重大項(xiàng)目：“多學(xué)科高技術(shù)支持下的云南城鎮(zhèn)上山基礎(chǔ)研究”相關(guān)課題，將滇東喀斯特農(nóng)業(yè)劃分為喀斯特河谷農(nóng)業(yè)、喀斯特緩丘盆地農(nóng)業(yè)、喀斯特峰叢洼地農(nóng)業(yè)三種類型。運(yùn)用“3S”技術(shù)，結(jié)合區(qū)內(nèi)農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的特點(diǎn)，從景觀生態(tài)學(xué)角度分析不同類型喀斯特農(nóng)業(yè)的景觀結(jié)構(gòu)和功能，提出景觀農(nóng)業(yè)格局優(yōu)化思路。從構(gòu)景美學(xué)、色彩美學(xué)角度，總結(jié)景觀農(nóng)業(yè)的配置模式。主要研究結(jié)論如下： （1）滇東喀斯特河谷具有谷坡陡峭、谷底平坦、階地狹長(zhǎng)的特點(diǎn)，農(nóng)業(yè)斑塊主要呈條帶狀沿階地分布，也有大量坡耕地斑塊呈點(diǎn)狀分布，森林基質(zhì)破碎。在景觀農(nóng)業(yè)配置中，以整個(gè)河谷系統(tǒng)為整體，形成“中心—臺(tái)階狀”結(jié)構(gòu)，即以河谷階地農(nóng)田為中心，形成坡耕地、林草地沿山坡呈臺(tái)階狀立體分布的農(nóng)業(yè)景觀結(jié)構(gòu)。形成高低起伏、色彩變化、富有層次感的“馬賽克”式的視覺(jué)效果，打造“馬賽克—梯田”景觀農(nóng)業(yè)。 （2）滇東喀斯特緩丘盆地具有地形不開闊的特點(diǎn)，耕地斑塊主要集中分布于盆底，表現(xiàn)為盆底耕地集中呈面狀，盆邊林地、耕地呈封閉環(huán)狀分布的特點(diǎn)。景觀農(nóng)業(yè)配置中，以整個(gè)山盆系統(tǒng)為整體，形成“同心圓—網(wǎng)狀”結(jié)構(gòu)，即以盆底耕地為中心，，聚落、林草地等斑塊圍繞耕地向盆底邊緣、盆邊坡地環(huán)狀布局，以河流、田埂、道路等連接形成廊道網(wǎng)的景觀結(jié)構(gòu)。結(jié)合盆底耕地連片度高的特點(diǎn)，利用不同作物的搭配，構(gòu)成字、花、幾何圖形或其他圖案，打造“農(nóng)田圖案”景觀農(nóng)業(yè)。 （3）滇東喀斯特峰叢洼地具有陡峭險(xiǎn)峻、地形破碎、平壩區(qū)域面積小的特點(diǎn)，耕地斑塊主要分布于地勢(shì)低洼和緩坡處，受人類活動(dòng)影響，自然廊道退化，甚至消失。景觀農(nóng)業(yè)配置中，以峰林、孤峰等為點(diǎn)，洼地為面，形成以點(diǎn)、面為主的“立體-多層”結(jié)構(gòu)，將峰林、峰叢、孤峰配置為“馬賽克式”，洼地配置為“農(nóng)田圖案式”。從整體景觀上看，可將峰叢洼地農(nóng)業(yè)打造為“混合式”景觀農(nóng)業(yè)。 本研究討論的喀斯特景觀農(nóng)業(yè)配置的學(xué)術(shù)問(wèn)題，是從農(nóng)業(yè)資源配置角度進(jìn)行農(nóng)業(yè)旅游發(fā)展研究，同時(shí)也是旅游資源建設(shè)的一種新趨勢(shì)和新方法。不僅具有一定理論意義，而且可為喀斯特農(nóng)業(yè)地區(qū)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展提供借鑒和參考。
[Abstract]:As a relatively unique geographical environmental unit, the eastern Yunnan Plateau has developed karst landforms, steep mountains and steep slopes, fragile ecological environment, and the unique dual hydrogeological structure leads to the uneven distribution of water and soil resources in time and space. The agricultural production in the region is faced with many unfavorable factors. Through the allocation of karst landscape agriculture, we can achieve the purpose of stabilizing ecological function and creating beautiful scenery, enhance the attraction of the region, promote the development of agricultural tourism, and bring new opportunities to the development of regional economy. With the introduction of the policy of rural land circulation, it provides the basis for large-scale agricultural management such as family farms, farmers' specialized cooperatives, and the construction of "beautiful villages", which also provides an opportunity for the development of landscape agriculture allocation. On the basis of karst geographical environment in eastern Yunnan, this paper relies on the important project of Yunnan Province's social and economic research plan: "basic research of Yunnan cities and towns up mountains with the support of multi-disciplinary and high technology". The karst agriculture in eastern Yunnan is divided into three types: karst valley agriculture, karst gentle hill basin agriculture and karst peak cluster depression agriculture. Based on the "3s" technology and the characteristics of agricultural production in the region, the landscape structure and function of different types of karst agriculture were analyzed from the view of landscape ecology, and the optimized thinking of landscape agriculture pattern was put forward. From the point of view of landscape aesthetics and color aesthetics, this paper summarizes the configuration mode of landscape agriculture. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the karst valley in eastern Yunnan has the characteristics of steep slope, flat valley bottom and long and narrow terrace. The forest matrix is broken. In the allocation of landscape agriculture, the whole valley system is taken as a whole to form a "center-step" structure, that is, the agricultural landscape structure with the valley terrace farmland as the center, the slope farmland as the center, and the forest and grassland distributed in a step form along the hillside. Forming the "mosaic" visual effect with high and low ups and downs, color changes, rich levels of feeling, and creating "mosaic terrace" landscape agriculture. (2) the karst gentle hill basin in eastern Yunnan has the characteristics of not being open in topography. The cultivated land patches were mainly distributed on the pelvic floor, showing that the pelvic floor cultivated land concentrated in the form of surface, the basin edge forest land and the cultivated land showed the characteristics of closed ring distribution. In the allocation of landscape agriculture, the whole mountain basin system is taken as a whole to form a "concentric circular network" structure, that is, with the pelvic floor cultivated land as the center, settlements, forests and grasslands, and other patches surrounding the cultivated land to the pelvic bottom edge, the basin slope is arranged in a circular way, and the river, the ridge of the field, etc. Roads and other connections form the landscape structure of the corridor network. Combining with the characteristics of high degree of continuous farmland in pelvic floor, using the collocation of different crops, forming characters, flowers, geometric figures or other patterns to create "farmland pattern" landscape agriculture. (3) the karst peak cluster depression in eastern Yunnan is steep and steep. The topography is broken, the area of flat dam is small, the patch of cultivated land is mainly distributed in low-lying and gentle slope, affected by human activities, the natural corridor is degraded or even disappeared. In the allocation of landscape agriculture, the peak forest, the solitary peak and so on are taken as the points, and the depressions are taken as the surface, forming the "stereoscopic and multi-layer" structure, which allocates the peak forest, the peak cluster and the solitary peak to the "mosaic type" and the low-lying land to the "farmland pattern type". From the view of the whole landscape, the agriculture of peak cluster depression can be made into "mixed" landscape agriculture. The academic problem of agricultural allocation of karst landscape in this study is to study the development of agricultural tourism from the angle of agricultural resource allocation, and it is also a new trend and method of tourism resources construction. Not only has certain theory significance, but also can provide the reference and the reference for the karst agricultural area sustainable development.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：云南師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TU982.29;F327;F592.7

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