【摘要】：隨著社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的進(jìn)步,人民的物質(zhì)文化生活水平得到快速提高。盡管如此,貧困依舊是伴隨人類發(fā)展至今仍需解決的一個(gè)世界性難題。為助力我國貧困地區(qū)脫貧,政府相繼出臺(tái)多項(xiàng)措施。其中,發(fā)展旅游業(yè)已成為重要的扶貧方式和策略,其在增加貧困地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)受益和促進(jìn)貧困者脫貧等方面具有重大意義。就在各地大力開展旅游扶貧時(shí),由于缺乏針對(duì)性,一刀切的方式并未使全部貧困人口走出困境。因此,如何以旅游為手段針對(duì)具有差異的貧困人口開展落實(shí)到村、到戶、到人的精準(zhǔn)扶助急需探討。位于武陵山貧困片區(qū)的湖南省湘西州鳳凰縣風(fēng)光秀美、資源豐富,是武陵山片區(qū)旅游集聚地的核心之一。該縣同時(shí)也是國家級(jí)貧困縣,其轄內(nèi)的早崗村是湖南省省級(jí)貧困村和國家鄉(xiāng)村旅游富民工程重點(diǎn)村,是鄉(xiāng)村旅游和扶貧脫貧的典型代表。為了更好的幫助貧困人口脫貧,提高扶貧效率,以早崗村為研究地,深入調(diào)查貧困戶生活狀況和旅游發(fā)展成效感知度,測(cè)評(píng)分析貧困戶的投入產(chǎn)出效率,構(gòu)建旅游精準(zhǔn)扶貧機(jī)制。根據(jù)研究結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),早崗村貧困戶的勞動(dòng)力負(fù)擔(dān)系數(shù)大,勞動(dòng)力整體受教育程度較低,旅游業(yè)直接參與度較低。旅游發(fā)展成效中,經(jīng)濟(jì)成效感知最為直接,貧困戶旅游參與意愿高,但受到文化水平不高、技能不足、缺乏相關(guān)引導(dǎo)等因素的阻礙。從投入產(chǎn)出效率來看,參與旅游的貧困戶較未參與旅游的貧困戶具有更大的脫貧潛力,但整體效率不高,仍有很大提升空間。依據(jù)效率將貧困戶劃分為三種類型,技能提高型、規(guī)模擴(kuò)大型和溫飽鞏固型,根據(jù)脫貧需求,因類施策,構(gòu)建旅游精準(zhǔn)扶貧機(jī)制。首先,幫扶機(jī)制方面,三種類型貧困戶適用的脫貧機(jī)制分別為技能培訓(xùn)提升機(jī)制、產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展帶動(dòng)機(jī)制和政策救助兜底機(jī)制。同時(shí)建立鄰里幫扶激勵(lì)機(jī)制,充分利用鄉(xiāng)村精英社會(huì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)關(guān)系,發(fā)揮精英帶動(dòng)作用;建立發(fā)展成果共享機(jī)制,使貧困人口同享經(jīng)濟(jì)、信息、社會(huì)、生態(tài)等發(fā)展成果。其次,管理機(jī)制方面,完善對(duì)幫扶單位扶貧工作和貧困戶脫貧成果的考核制度,獎(jiǎng)懲并施;對(duì)貧困戶退出執(zhí)行監(jiān)測(cè)評(píng)估,制定反返貧措施,完善貧困退出體系,保護(hù)精準(zhǔn)扶貧工作勝利果實(shí)。最后,對(duì)研究?jī)?nèi)容做出總結(jié)并提出展望。
[Abstract]:With the social and economic progress, the people's material and cultural living standards have been rapidly improved. Nevertheless, poverty is still a worldwide problem that remains to be solved with human development. In order to help our poor areas out of poverty, the government has introduced a number of measures. Among them, the development of tourism has become an important way and strategy of poverty alleviation, which is of great significance in increasing economic benefits and promoting poverty alleviation in poor areas. Because of the lack of pertinence, the one-size-fits-all approach has not made all the poor people out of the predicament. Therefore, how to use tourism as a means to carry out the implementation of the poor people with differences to the village, to the household, to the precise assistance of people need to be discussed. Fengghuang County, Xiangxi Prefecture, Hunan Province, which is located in the poverty area of Wuling Mountain, has beautiful scenery and rich resources, which is one of the core tourist agglomerations in Wuling Mountain region. At the same time, the county is also a national poor county. The village in its jurisdiction is a provincial poor village in Hunan province and a key village in the national rural tourism project. It is a typical representative of rural tourism and poverty alleviation. In order to better help the poor people out of poverty and improve the efficiency of poverty alleviation, taking the village of Zaogang as a research place, the paper investigates the living conditions of poor households and the perception of tourism development effectiveness, and evaluates and analyzes the input-output efficiency of poor households. Build the mechanism of tourism precision poverty alleviation. According to the results of the study, it is found that the poor households in Zaigang Village have a large labor burden coefficient, a lower overall education level of the labor force and a lower degree of direct participation in the tourism industry. In the tourism development effect, the economic effect perception is the most direct, and the poor households have a high willingness to participate in tourism, but are hindered by such factors as low education level, insufficient skills, lack of relevant guidance and so on. In terms of input-output efficiency, the poor households involved in tourism have greater potential to get rid of poverty than those who do not participate in tourism, but the overall efficiency is not high, and there is still much room for improvement. According to the efficiency, the poor households can be divided into three types: skill enhancement type, scale expansion type and food and clothing consolidation type. First of all, the help mechanism, three types of poverty relief mechanisms are skills training and upgrading mechanism, industrial development drive mechanism and policy relief mechanism. At the same time, we should set up the incentive mechanism of neighborhood help, make full use of the rural elite social network relationship, give play to the elitist driving role, and set up the mechanism of sharing the development achievements, so that the poor people can enjoy the economic, information, social, ecological and other development achievements. Secondly, in the aspect of management mechanism, we should improve the evaluation system of poverty alleviation work of help units and the achievements of poverty alleviation among poor households, reward and punish them, monitor and evaluate the withdrawal of poor households, formulate anti-poverty measures, and improve the poverty withdrawal system. To protect the success of precision poverty alleviation. Finally, the research content is summarized and the prospect is put forward.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湘潭大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：F323.8;F592.7

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