【摘要】：陜西長安張家坡西周墓地1983-1986年發(fā)掘區(qū)的北區(qū)墓地中既有周人貴族井叔家族的墓葬,也有殷遺民和古羌族的墓葬,所以該墓地的性質(zhì)不是單純的井叔家族墓地。本文參考出土文字和傳世文獻(xiàn)中有關(guān)"里"的記載,認(rèn)為"里"是西周的地域性基層組織,在晚商時(shí)期就已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)了,而且"里"中居民的身份可以是多種多樣的。在西周時(shí)的都城豐邑中聚居著周人和其聯(lián)合的他族部眾,以及從東面遷來的殷遺民,人群構(gòu)成可謂復(fù)雜。面對這種形勢,周王朝的統(tǒng)治者在利用血緣家族的紐帶作用來維系其統(tǒng)治的同時(shí),還使用了高于血緣關(guān)系的基層地域組織—"里",以對居住于豐邑的諸族人群進(jìn)行統(tǒng)一管轄。所以本文推測張家坡北區(qū)墓地是井叔家族所居住的豐邑中某個"里"的聚葬地,屬于地域性墓地。由此可見,考古發(fā)現(xiàn)的商周時(shí)期的墓地并不一定都是家族墓地,這些墓地中所埋葬人群的社會關(guān)系有可能是地緣性的。
[Abstract]:Zhangjiapo Western Zhou Cemetery in Changan, Shaanxi Province, was excavated from 1983 to 1986 in the North District, where there were tombs of the Jing Shu family of the Zhou aristocrat, as well as those of the Yin people and the ancient Qiang nationality, so the nature of the cemetery is not a pure tomb of the Jing uncle family. Referring to the records of "Li" in the unearthed text and the ancient literature, this paper holds that "Li" is a regional grass-roots organization of the Western Zhou Dynasty, which has already appeared in the late Shang Dynasty, and the identity of the residents in "Li" can be varied. In Fengyi, the capital of the Western Zhou Dynasty, the people of Zhou and their United members of other ethnic groups, as well as the people of Yin who migrated from the east, made up a complex crowd. Faced with this situation, the rulers of the Zhou Dynasty used the bond of blood family to maintain their rule, and at the same time, they also used the grassroots regional organization, "Li", which was higher than the blood relationship, in order to exercise unified jurisdiction over the various ethnic groups living in Fengyi. Therefore, this paper speculated that Zhangjiapo North Cemetery is a "Li" gathering burial place in Fengyi, where the Jing Shu family lives, and belongs to the regional cemetery. It can be seen that the tombs found in Shang and Zhou dynasties are not necessarily family cemeteries, and the social relations of the people buried in these cemeteries may be geographical.
【作者單位】： 吉林大學(xué)古籍研究所;
【分類號】：K878.8

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本文編號：2233885