本文關(guān)鍵詞：社會資本對縣域旅游經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的影響研究　出處：《西南大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

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【摘要】：社會資本這一概念在科爾曼和普特南的應(yīng)用下超越了布迪厄給出的界定,在不斷的研究分析中得到了進(jìn)一步的闡述,并在國際學(xué)術(shù)界引發(fā)了廣泛的爭議和討論,進(jìn)而形成了他們新的理論觀點(diǎn)。經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展是經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)研究的一個重要課題,經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展嵌入在社會行為和經(jīng)濟(jì)行為中,研究經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展包括研究人類在生產(chǎn)、生活過程中發(fā)生的行為這包括經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會行為,經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家往往用經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的理論來解釋經(jīng)濟(jì)跟社會行為,隨著社會的發(fā)展越來越多的行為可以用社會學(xué)理論來解釋,社會理論也應(yīng)當(dāng)為經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展服務(wù)。人們所理解的社會資本是在人與人的相互活動中產(chǎn)生,依附于人際關(guān)系和社會網(wǎng)絡(luò)中,能隨時(shí)被人們獲取從而實(shí)現(xiàn)自己目的的資源。社會制度和規(guī)范、信任和互惠、社會網(wǎng)絡(luò),以及那些根據(jù)既定的人際關(guān)系對經(jīng)濟(jì)活動產(chǎn)生的影響都是社會資本理論研究的內(nèi)容。引進(jìn)社會資本理論對經(jīng)濟(jì)問題的研究將會帶來更多的效益和創(chuàng)新。 本項(xiàng)研究從社會學(xué)的角度出發(fā),在以往的研究基礎(chǔ)上,選定特定區(qū)域,采用參與觀察法,通過對貴州省黎平縣運(yùn)用社會資本發(fā)展旅游業(yè)及其社會資本現(xiàn)狀的分析討論社會資本對區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的影響,從而使少數(shù)民族地區(qū)認(rèn)識社會資本的存在和作用,提出了有效利用和培育區(qū)域社會資本的建議,以便使民族地區(qū)獲得更多的社會資源,促進(jìn)當(dāng)?shù)亟?jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展。經(jīng)過仔細(xì)的分析,本研究得到下面的結(jié)論： (1)黎平縣境內(nèi)社區(qū)居民與政府和相關(guān)企業(yè)構(gòu)建了組織規(guī)范,信任程度相對較高。少部分地區(qū)(肇興侗寨)居民對政府職能管理部門能力表示懷疑,信任程度較低�？h域內(nèi)的當(dāng)?shù)鼐用駥ν鈦硗顿Y旅游項(xiàng)目者表現(xiàn)出開放、包容的態(tài)度。希望他們資金的投入來建設(shè)家鄉(xiāng),為黎平旅游業(yè)的發(fā)展貢獻(xiàn)力量。這說明區(qū)域中人們相互之間的信任和信任程度的高低都可以作為一種社會資本的表現(xiàn),而且區(qū)域中的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展也遵循這樣一種規(guī)律：地區(qū)信任程度越高則經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平越高。 (2)擁有信任的社會網(wǎng)絡(luò)有利于降低組織之間的交易成本,促進(jìn)相互間的交流與合作。社會網(wǎng)絡(luò)在不斷的合作過程中進(jìn)行著改善和提升,人們在社會網(wǎng)絡(luò)中進(jìn)行互動并建立起信任和合作機(jī)制,這種信任與合作機(jī)制可以幫助人們在做其他經(jīng)濟(jì)項(xiàng)目時(shí)與別的組織的交流跟合作。 (3)社會網(wǎng)絡(luò)有利于促進(jìn)勞動力的就業(yè),從而減少黎平因產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)型而產(chǎn)生的閑置勞動力過多的現(xiàn)象,為地區(qū)社會穩(wěn)定和人民經(jīng)濟(jì)水平的提高做出貢獻(xiàn)。 (4)在旅游經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展中,政府職權(quán)單位往往起著決定性的作用。黎平應(yīng)充分發(fā)揮政府職權(quán)單位的組織協(xié)調(diào)優(yōu)勢,在制定優(yōu)惠政策、吸引投資等方面加大力度,積極運(yùn)用并培育社會資本與其他地區(qū)的組織合作,進(jìn)一步推進(jìn)旅游業(yè)發(fā)展。同樣,區(qū)域內(nèi)的各種組織也在大力推行旅游發(fā)展中發(fā)揮著重要作用,提高對本行業(yè)策劃、協(xié)調(diào)、執(zhí)行的水平,充分調(diào)動民間資本的積極性,參與到經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展中來。 (5)通過調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)黎平旅游業(yè)相關(guān)企業(yè)負(fù)責(zé)人與政府職能部門和其他相關(guān)部門領(lǐng)導(dǎo)有密切的網(wǎng)絡(luò)關(guān)系,對這些組織發(fā)展旅游業(yè)有利的社會資本基本都是構(gòu)建在組織幾個負(fù)責(zé)人的個人社會網(wǎng)絡(luò)中。積極培育個人社會資本有利于組織甚至區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展。 (6)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的出現(xiàn)確實(shí)為黎平的旅游業(yè)發(fā)展帶來了一定的宣傳效果,但從筆者調(diào)查的結(jié)果看來,大部分到黎平旅游的游客都是通過非正式聯(lián)系的社會資源介紹到此。由此看來網(wǎng)絡(luò)平臺并非促進(jìn)當(dāng)?shù)芈糜谓?jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的最佳社會網(wǎng)絡(luò)形式,縣域旅游經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展在依靠非正式聯(lián)系的社會網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源的同時(shí)也要注重對正式制度的社會資源的培養(yǎng)。
[Abstract]:The concept of social capital in the application of Coleman and Putnam beyond the definition given by Bourdieu, has been further elaborated in the study constantly, and sparked widespread controversy and discussion in the international academic circles, and the formation of their new theoretical viewpoints. Economic development is an important subject of the economics research economic development, embedded in social behavior and economic behavior, including the study of economic development in the production of human life, in the process of behavior which include economic and social behavior, economists often use economics theory to explain economic and social behavior, along with the development of society more and more behavior can be explained by the theory of sociology, social the theory should serve for the economic development. People's understanding of social capital is produced in the interaction between people, depend on the interpersonal relationship and social network In a network, can be in order to achieve their purpose. People get resources in social system and norms, trust and reciprocity, social network, and the influence of those economic activities according to the established relationships are the content of the research of social capital theory. The introduction of social capital theory research on economic problems will bring more benefits and innovation.
This study from the perspective of sociology, based on previous studies, the selected specific area, using participant observation method, through the analysis of Liping County of Guizhou Province, with the development of social capital and social capital status of the tourism industry to discuss social capital on regional economic impact, thus understanding the existence and role in ethnic minority areas the social capital, put forward the effective utilization and development of regional social capital, so that minority areas get more social resources, promote local economic development. After careful analysis, this study obtained the conclusion:
(1) Liping County residents and the government and relevant enterprises to build organizational norms, trust degree is relatively high. Few regions (Zhaoxing) residents expressed skepticism about the functions of management ability of the government, the degree of trust is low. The county's residents of foreign investment tourism projects were open, inclusive attitude. I hope they capital investment to the construction of home, to contribute to the development of Liping tourism. This shows that people in areas of mutual trust and trust degree can be used as a kind of social capital, but also follows such a rule in the area of economic development area: the higher the degree of trust the higher the level of economic development.
(2) have trust in social networks help to reduce transaction costs between organizations, promote mutual exchanges and cooperation. The social network to improve and enhance cooperation in the process of continuous, people interact in the social network and build trust and cooperation mechanism, this kind of trust and cooperation mechanism can help people in do other projects and other economic organizations communicate with cooperation.
(3) social network is conducive to the promotion of labor force employment, thereby reducing the phenomenon of excessive idle labor generated by industrial transformation in Liping, contributing to regional social stability and the improvement of people's economic level.
(4) in the development of tourism economy, government authorities often plays a decisive role. Liping should give full play to the government authority units of the organization and coordination, in the formulation of preferential policies to increase efforts to attract investment, and actively use the cultivation of social capital and other areas of cooperation, to further promote the development of the tourism industry. Also, various regional organizations also vigorously promote tourism development plays an important role in the improvement of the industry planning, coordination, execution level, fully mobilize the enthusiasm of private capital to participate in the economic development.
(5) through the survey found Liping tourism related enterprises responsible person has close relationship with government departments and other relevant departments of the leadership, the organization of tourism development favorable social capital is the basic construction of personal social network for people in the organization. Several actively cultivate individual social capital is conducive to the organization and regional economy development.
(6) the emergence of the Internet is the development of Liping's tourism industry has brought some publicity, but from the survey results, the majority of visitors to Liping are linked through informal social resources. In view of this introduction to this network platform is not promoting the best social network forms when the tourism economic development, culture tourism the economic development in the county rely on social contact and informal cyber source should pay more attention to the formal system of social resources.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：F592.7

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