本文選題：駕駛艙 + 人為差錯　； 參考：《中國民航大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：事故統(tǒng)計表明,駕駛艙人為差錯是導(dǎo)致民機(jī)飛行事故發(fā)生的主要誘因,占到事故原因的60%以上。駕駛艙內(nèi)機(jī)組人員的正確操作是民航飛機(jī)安全運(yùn)行的重要保障,提高機(jī)組操作可靠性可以進(jìn)一步減少駕駛艙操作過程中發(fā)生的人為差錯。本文從駕駛艙機(jī)組人員操作的認(rèn)知可靠性入手,對民用飛機(jī)駕駛艙人因可靠性展開了系統(tǒng)研究。本文在對比分析了國內(nèi)外人因可靠性分析模型之后,結(jié)合機(jī)組人員在操作過程中具體的認(rèn)知行為,對機(jī)組成員操作表現(xiàn)出來的認(rèn)知失效模式及其成因進(jìn)行研究分析,運(yùn)用G1-DEMATEL改進(jìn)權(quán)重計算方法,對各個認(rèn)知失效模式測評指標(biāo)權(quán)重進(jìn)行了修正計算。在對機(jī)組人員進(jìn)行認(rèn)知可靠性分析和操作行為模式分析的基礎(chǔ)之上,建立起了機(jī)組人員的感覺識別、知覺意識、決策、執(zhí)行動作(sensation、perception、decision plan and action,SPDA)認(rèn)知可靠性分析模型。對SPDA分析模型中表現(xiàn)影響因子(PIFs)開展分析,歸納出了影響機(jī)組操作可靠性的影響因素,利用德爾菲分析方法篩選出了符合工程運(yùn)用實(shí)際的影響機(jī)組操作可靠性的39個表現(xiàn)影響因子。結(jié)合PIFs對駕駛艙操作過程的共同績效條件(CPC)完成修正處理,進(jìn)而確定SPDA模型中認(rèn)知操作事件序列的總權(quán)重因子。最終依據(jù)機(jī)組操作人員在操作事件中的基本失效概率和總權(quán)重因子確定操作任務(wù)的可靠性,從而實(shí)現(xiàn)了操作事件序列人誤發(fā)生概率的量化。本文最后給出了具體的應(yīng)用實(shí)例,展示了運(yùn)用SPDA模型分析民機(jī)駕駛艙機(jī)組操作可靠性的具體步驟和計算過程。以某航空公司駕駛艙機(jī)組三名操作人員對一架B737-800執(zhí)行手柄卡位操作工程指令(B737.GZ.99121R2“操作襟翼操縱手柄擋位1至擋位3的變動”)為例對SPDA模型進(jìn)行了具體應(yīng)用驗(yàn)證。鑒于機(jī)組成員操作駕駛艙系統(tǒng)具有較大的復(fù)雜性,需要對模型不斷的進(jìn)行完善,以期為駕駛艙內(nèi)人為操作錯誤的管理提供指導(dǎo)思路和方法。
[Abstract]:The accident statistics show that the human error in the cockpit is the main cause of the civil aircraft flight accident, accounting for more than 60% of the accident reasons. The correct operation of the crew in the cockpit is an important guarantee for the safe operation of the civil aviation aircraft. Improving the reliability of the crew operation can further reduce the human error in the cockpit operation process. Based on the cognitive reliability of cockpit crew operation, this paper makes a systematic study on the human reliability of civil aircraft cockpit. After comparing and analyzing the domestic and foreign human factor reliability analysis models, combined with the specific cognitive behavior of the crew members in the operation process, the cognitive failure mode and its causes of crew members' operation are studied and analyzed in this paper. The weight of each cognitive failure model is modified by using the improved weight calculation method of G1-DEMATEL. On the basis of cognitive reliability analysis and operational behavior model analysis of the crew, a cognitive reliability analysis model was established for the crew members, such as sensory identification, perceptual awareness, decision making, and execution of sensationalization decision plan and / SPDAs. Based on the analysis of the performance influencing factors in the SPDA analysis model, the influencing factors affecting the operating reliability of the units are summarized. By using Delphi analysis method, 39 performance influencing factors which are in accordance with the engineering practice affecting the operating reliability of the unit are screened out. Combined with PIFs, the common performance condition of cockpit operation process is modified, and then the total weight factor of cognitive operation event sequence in SPDA model is determined. Finally, the reliability of the operation task is determined according to the basic failure probability and the total weight factor of the operator in the operation event, and the quantization of the human error probability of the operation event sequence is realized. At the end of this paper, a concrete application example is given, and the concrete steps and calculation process of using SPDA model to analyze the operating reliability of the civil aircraft cockpit unit are shown. Taking the three operators of the cockpit crew of a certain airline to execute the handle operation engineering instruction B737.GZ.99121R2 on a B737-800, the SPDA model is verified by the example of "the change of operating flap handling handle from 1 to 3"). In view of the complexity of the crew operating cockpit system, it is necessary to improve the model continuously in order to provide guidance and method for the management of human error in the cockpit.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國民航大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：V223.1

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