本文關(guān)鍵詞： 腦網(wǎng)絡(luò) 珠心算 訓(xùn)練 功能磁共振 認(rèn)知能力　出處：《浙江大學(xué)》2017年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：大腦是人體最復(fù)雜的器官,是調(diào)節(jié)人類各種功能的中樞。研究人員利用各種方法認(rèn)識(shí)腦、保護(hù)腦、開發(fā)腦。近年來,人們發(fā)現(xiàn)腦區(qū)之間功能的整合與分化使腦存在特殊的網(wǎng)絡(luò)拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)。而這種網(wǎng)絡(luò)拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)與日常認(rèn)知能力息息相關(guān),并且會(huì)隨著發(fā)展發(fā)育、疾病、訓(xùn)練而發(fā)生一定的改變。珠心算是一種基于視空間表征的計(jì)算方法。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),珠心算訓(xùn)練不僅會(huì)影響人的認(rèn)知能力,并且會(huì)影響腦的功能和結(jié)構(gòu)。然而,現(xiàn)有的研究缺乏從腦網(wǎng)絡(luò)角度研究珠心算訓(xùn)練對(duì)腦神經(jīng)機(jī)制的影響,從而無法從全腦整體角度和腦區(qū)之間的相互關(guān)系來了解珠心算的神經(jīng)機(jī)制。本研究中,我們采用圖論理論,基于靜息態(tài)和任務(wù)態(tài)功能磁共振數(shù)據(jù),探究珠心算訓(xùn)練對(duì)腦網(wǎng)絡(luò)拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)的影響。由于在兒童磁共振數(shù)據(jù)處理中,空間標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化步驟容易產(chǎn)生誤差,影響實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果。因此,在實(shí)驗(yàn)中我們首先優(yōu)化磁共振處理步驟,希望能增強(qiáng)結(jié)果可靠性。在研究中:(1)我們構(gòu)建了基于實(shí)驗(yàn)樣本的兒童腦模板,檢驗(yàn)兒童模板對(duì)于磁共振結(jié)果可靠性的影響。我們發(fā)現(xiàn),即使實(shí)驗(yàn)樣本量較小,構(gòu)建的腦模板依然可以降低空間標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化帶來的誤差。同時(shí),在統(tǒng)計(jì)分析中,將個(gè)體空間與模板空間的差異作為協(xié)變量進(jìn)行相應(yīng)的矯正,可以降低這種差異對(duì)統(tǒng)計(jì)檢驗(yàn)的影響,達(dá)到增強(qiáng)統(tǒng)計(jì)檢驗(yàn)的敏感性的目的。所以,作為整個(gè)研究的基礎(chǔ),在之后的研究中我們均構(gòu)建了符合被試信息的模板。之后,我們?cè)O(shè)計(jì)了三個(gè)子實(shí)驗(yàn)研究珠心算訓(xùn)練對(duì)腦功能網(wǎng)絡(luò)的影響,我們發(fā)現(xiàn):(2)視空間策略的廣泛運(yùn)用會(huì)增強(qiáng)相關(guān)腦區(qū)與其它腦區(qū)之間的聯(lián)系,增強(qiáng)這些腦區(qū)處理信息效率,并提升相應(yīng)腦區(qū)在腦功能網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的重要性。這些腦區(qū)包括右側(cè)前扣帶回、右側(cè)頂下小葉和右側(cè)眶內(nèi)額上回。(3)不同腦區(qū)之間聯(lián)系的緊密程度是不同的,并以不同的子網(wǎng)絡(luò)形式存在,不同認(rèn)知能力相關(guān)的子網(wǎng)絡(luò)組成了全腦功能網(wǎng)絡(luò)。本研究發(fā)現(xiàn),珠心算訓(xùn)練會(huì)促進(jìn)腦網(wǎng)絡(luò)中子網(wǎng)絡(luò)的功能分化,增加子網(wǎng)絡(luò)的內(nèi)部連接,降低子網(wǎng)絡(luò)間的連接。同時(shí),珠心算訓(xùn)練對(duì)不同子網(wǎng)絡(luò)的拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)也存在不同的影響,例如提升視覺網(wǎng)絡(luò)平均局部效率,而降低運(yùn)動(dòng)感知覺網(wǎng)絡(luò)的平均參與系數(shù)。我們推測(cè)這些網(wǎng)絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu)的變化與視空間策略在珠心算訓(xùn)練中的廣泛運(yùn)用密切相關(guān),訓(xùn)練促使這些網(wǎng)絡(luò)能更獨(dú)立、更有效地處理信息。(4)此前研究發(fā)現(xiàn)訓(xùn)練與高級(jí)認(rèn)知能力之間存在廣泛的遷移效應(yīng)。基于執(zhí)行功能任務(wù),我們發(fā)現(xiàn)珠心算訓(xùn)練會(huì)增強(qiáng)訓(xùn)練者的行為績(jī)效。腦網(wǎng)絡(luò)分析發(fā)現(xiàn),在執(zhí)行功能相關(guān)任務(wù)中,珠心算訓(xùn)練者的額頂網(wǎng)絡(luò)的功能連接強(qiáng)度顯著的大于對(duì)照組。珠心算訓(xùn)練不僅影響靜息態(tài)下腦網(wǎng)絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu),同樣會(huì)影響特定任務(wù)態(tài)下的腦連接屬性。我們推測(cè),在珠心算訓(xùn)練中,視空間策略的廣泛運(yùn)用會(huì)增強(qiáng)相應(yīng)腦區(qū)之間的聯(lián)系,進(jìn)而提高這些腦區(qū)信息處理的能力。而這些腦區(qū)信息處理效率的提升又會(huì)進(jìn)一步影響與之相關(guān)的高級(jí)認(rèn)知能力。因此,我們的研究從腦網(wǎng)絡(luò)的角度為珠心算訓(xùn)練與認(rèn)知能力之間的遷移效應(yīng)提供了有力的理論支持,有助于我們進(jìn)一步了解珠心算訓(xùn)練與認(rèn)知能力之間的關(guān)系。
[Abstract]:The brain is the most complex organ in the body, is the central regulation of various functions of human beings. The researchers use a variety of methods to recognize the brain, protect brain, brain development. In recent years, people found that the integration and differentiation of brain regions between the brain network topology. This special network topology structure and cognitive ability is closely related to the daily. And with the development of disease, development, training and change. Abacus is a calculating method based on visual spatial representation. The study found that mental arithmetic training will not only affect people's cognitive ability, and will affect the structure and function of the brain. However, existing studies lack of mental abacus training on of brain mechanisms from the brain network angle, which can not be from the relationship between whole brain and brain regions to the whole view of the neural mechanism of solution. In this study, bead mental arithmetic, we use graph theory, based on static State information and task state fMRI data, explore the impact of abacus training on brain network topology. Because of the children's MRI data processing, spatial normalization error prone, affect the experimental results. Therefore, in the experiment we first optimize the magnetic resonance processing steps, hoping to enhance the reliability of the results in the study.: (1) we constructed the experimental sample of children brain template based on template for magnetic resonance inspection of children influence the reliability. We found that even if the sample size is small, the brain template can still reduce the error caused by spatial normalization. At the same time, in the statistical analysis, the difference between individual space and space template as a covariate corrected, can reduce the impact of this difference on the statistical test, to enhance the sensitivity of the statistical test purpose. Therefore, as a basis for the whole research In the study, we have constructed with information subjects template. After that, we design, three sub experiments of abacus mental calculation training on brain functional network we found: (2) extensive use of visual space strategy can enhance the correlation between brain regions and other brain areas, enhance the efficiency of information treatment of brain regions, and enhance the importance of the corresponding brain regions in the brain functional network. These brain regions including the right anterior cingulate gyrus, right inferior parietal lobule and right orbital frontal gyrus. (3) the connection degree between different brain regions is different, and existed in the sub network of different forms and different cognitive abilities the sub network composed of whole brain functional networks. The study found that the functional differentiation will promote brain network trained network, increase internal network connection, reduce the connection among sub networks. At the same time, the calculation of different training The topological structure of sub networks have different effects, such as enhancing the visual network average local efficiency, and reduce the average participation coefficient of movement perception network is widely used. We speculate that these changes in network structure and spatial strategy in the closely related mental arithmetic training, training the network to be more independent and more efficient information processing. (4) previously found extensive migration effect between the training and cognitive ability. Based on the executive function tasks, we found that the training will enhance the trained performance behavior. Brain network analysis found that in executive function tasks, the trained frontoparietal network connectivity strength was significantly greater than that of the control the trained group. Not only affect the resting state brain network structure, will also affect the specific tasks under the state of brain connectivity. We speculate that in bead mental arithmetic training In practice, extensive use of visual space strategy will enhance the corresponding brain regions, thus improving the ability of information processing in these brain regions. And improve the efficiency of information processing in these brain regions and will further affect the related cognitive ability. Therefore, we provide a strong theoretical support of the research from the angle of brain network the network transfer effect between the trained and cognitive ability, help us to further understand the relationship between mental training and cognitive ability.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：R338

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

1 Jian HUANG;Feng-lei DU;Yuan YAO;Qun WAN;Xiao-song WANG;Fei-yan CHEN;;高數(shù)學(xué)能力珠心算兒童數(shù)量表征的腦電研究（英文）[J];Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology);2015年08期

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本文編號(hào)：1493950