【摘要】：利差收入作為我國商業(yè)銀行的主要收入來源，其高低主要依賴于信貸規(guī)模和利率。2008年金融危機后，中國人民銀行采取寬松貨幣政策，連連下調(diào)基準利率，一方面商業(yè)銀行利潤空間被擠壓，另一方面利率下調(diào)使銀行被動的接受過多的流動性。為了保證利息收入與盈利能力，銀行便開始擴大信貸規(guī)模。然而由于我國商業(yè)銀行信貸結(jié)構(gòu)單一及風(fēng)險管理能力較低，其信貸投放偏向基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施、偏向地方政府融資平臺、偏向房地產(chǎn)行業(yè)的特點導(dǎo)致過多信貸資金涌入該類行業(yè)，不僅容易造成相關(guān)行業(yè)資產(chǎn)泡沫，而且造成“風(fēng)險大”的中小企業(yè)卻面臨“融資難”的困境。但是信貸過度集中也導(dǎo)致風(fēng)險過度集中，一旦信貸資金集中企業(yè)或行業(yè)發(fā)生風(fēng)險，信貸違約概率便會大大上升，銀行的損失也會越大。另外，商業(yè)銀行滯留過多的流動性，且信貸結(jié)構(gòu)長期失調(diào)會阻礙貨幣政策的有效傳導(dǎo)，大大降低貨幣當局通過貨幣政策調(diào)節(jié)經(jīng)濟的效果，甚至?xí)䦟⒔?jīng)濟拖入衰退。這一教訓(xùn)可從20世紀80年代的日本經(jīng)濟泡沫與21世紀初美國的金融危機出來，我國商業(yè)銀行應(yīng)當在借鑒上述兩國銀行在泡沫形成與破裂過程中的作用汲取教訓(xùn)，合理減少對本已投放過多的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施、房地產(chǎn)等行業(yè)，，多元化信貸結(jié)構(gòu)，積極發(fā)掘新的具有拉動經(jīng)濟增長的行業(yè)，增強自身風(fēng)險管理能力，加大中小企業(yè)支持力度，開發(fā)個人貸款產(chǎn)品，優(yōu)化信貸資金配置，提高信貸資金使用效率，從而最終保證銀行的盈利能力。
[Abstract]:In the wake of the financial crisis of 2008, the People's Bank of China has adopted the loose monetary policy, and the benchmark interest rate is lowered, on the one hand, the profit space of the commercial bank is squeezed, On the other hand, lower interest rates have allowed banks to accept too much liquidity. In ord to ensure that interest income and profitability, the bank has begun to expand the credit scale. However, because of the low credit structure and low risk management ability of the commercial banks in our country, its credit release is biased towards the infrastructure, and it is biased to the local government financing platform. And the small and medium-sized enterprises that cause the "high risk" face the "financing difficulty" 's dilemma. However, the excessive concentration of credit also leads to an over-concentration of risks, and the higher the probability of credit default, as the risk of the enterprise or industry in the credit fund is concentrated, the greater the loss of the bank. In addition, commercial banks have too much liquidity, and the long-term offset of the credit structure will hinder the effective conduction of monetary policy, which greatly reduces the monetary authorities' effect of adjusting the economy through monetary policy, and can even drag the economy into recession. This lesson can come from the economic bubble of Japan in the 1980s and the financial crisis of the United States in the beginning of the 21st century, and our commercial banks should draw lessons from the role of the two banks in the process of bubble formation and rupture, and reasonably reduce the infrastructure that has been released. Real estate and other industries, diversified credit structures, actively explore new industries with economic growth, enhance their own risk management ability, increase the support of small and medium-sized enterprises, develop individual loan products, optimize the allocation of credit funds, and improve the use efficiency of credit funds, So as to finally guarantee the profitability of the bank.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：首都經(jīng)濟貿(mào)易大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：F832.4

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