【摘要】：改革開(kāi)放以來(lái),我國(guó)利用外商直接投資額一直保持不斷增長(zhǎng)。外商直接投資通過(guò)東道國(guó)的國(guó)內(nèi)資本形成、對(duì)外貿(mào)易、就業(yè)和技術(shù)等渠道來(lái)影響東道國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)。研究外商直接投資通過(guò)上述機(jī)制如何影響我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)就顯得尤為重要。 本文首先理論分析了外商直接投資在我國(guó)的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀,然后從資本形成效應(yīng)、貿(mào)易效應(yīng)、就業(yè)效應(yīng)和技術(shù)效應(yīng)描述性分析并利用中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的數(shù)據(jù),在國(guó)家層面實(shí)證分析了外資通過(guò)這四個(gè)機(jī)制對(duì)我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的影響。然后本文在實(shí)證分析的基礎(chǔ)上結(jié)合邊際效應(yīng)分析方法,動(dòng)態(tài)分析外資對(duì)我國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值和不同技術(shù)水平制造業(yè)全要素生產(chǎn)率的邊際效應(yīng)變化規(guī)律。 實(shí)證結(jié)果表明,外商直接投資對(duì)我國(guó)的資本存在擠出效應(yīng)；對(duì)我國(guó)貿(mào)易規(guī)模的擴(kuò)大和貿(mào)易結(jié)構(gòu)的改變具有促進(jìn)作用；外商投資企業(yè)能夠在短期內(nèi)促進(jìn)我國(guó)就業(yè),但是長(zhǎng)期卻對(duì)我國(guó)就業(yè)存在擠出效應(yīng)；對(duì)于技術(shù)水平較低的制造業(yè),外資的技術(shù)效應(yīng)主要為直接效應(yīng),而對(duì)于技術(shù)水平較高的制造業(yè),外資的技術(shù)效應(yīng)主要為間接效應(yīng)。根據(jù)邊際效應(yīng)的分析結(jié)果,發(fā)現(xiàn)外資對(duì)我國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值的邊際效應(yīng)呈現(xiàn)先遞減再上升最后處于波動(dòng)變化趨勢(shì)；外資對(duì)不同行業(yè)全要素生產(chǎn)率的邊際效應(yīng),由于每個(gè)行業(yè)的特征不同,變化的規(guī)律也各有不同,但邊際效應(yīng)整體呈效用遞減規(guī)律。 最后根據(jù)實(shí)證結(jié)果和描述性分析的結(jié)論,對(duì)我國(guó)今后引入外資提出了政策建議。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, the amount of foreign direct investment in China has been growing. Foreign direct investment affects the economy of the host country through the formation of domestic capital, foreign trade, employment and technology. It is particularly important to study how foreign direct investment affects China's economy through the above mechanisms. This paper first theoretically analyzes the current situation of foreign direct investment in China, and then analyzes and makes use of the data of China's economic development from the descriptive analysis of capital formation effect, trade effect, employment effect and technical effect. At the national level, this paper empirically analyzes the impact of foreign capital on China's economy through these four mechanisms. Then, on the basis of empirical analysis, combined with marginal effect analysis method, this paper dynamically analyzes the variation of marginal effect of foreign capital on gross domestic product (GDP) and total factor productivity (TFP) of manufacturing industry at different technological levels. The empirical results show that foreign direct investment has crowding-out effect on China's capital, promoting the expansion of China's trade scale and the change of trade structure. Foreign-funded enterprises can promote employment in China in a short period of time, but there is a crowding-out effect on employment in China for a long time. For the manufacturing industry with low technological level, the technological effect of foreign capital is mainly a direct effect, while for the manufacturing industry with higher technological level, the technological effect of foreign capital is mainly indirect effect. According to the analysis results of marginal effect, it is found that the marginal effect of foreign capital on China's gross domestic product (GDP) decreases at first, then rises, and then fluctuates. The marginal effect of foreign capital on total factor productivity in different industries is different because of the different characteristics of each industry, but the marginal effect is decreasing in utility as a whole. Finally, according to the empirical results and descriptive analysis conclusions, this paper puts forward some policy suggestions for the introduction of foreign capital in China in the future.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：F832.6;F124;F224

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